Sapkota K, Pirouzian A, Matta N S
Nepal Eye Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Nepal J Ophthalmol. 2013 Jan-Jun;5(1):38-44. doi: 10.3126/nepjoph.v5i1.7820.
Refractive error is a common cause of amblyopia.
To determine prevalence of amblyopia and the pattern and the types of refractive error in children with amblyopia in a tertiary eye hospital of Nepal.
A retrospective chart review of children diagnosed with amblyopia in the Nepal Eye Hospital (NEH) from July 2006 to June 2011 was conducted. Children of age 13+ or who had any ocular pathology were excluded. Cycloplegic refraction and an ophthalmological examination was performed for all children. The pattern of refractive error and the association between types of refractive error and types of amblyopia were determined.
Amblyopia was found in 0.7 % (440) of 62,633 children examined in NEH during this period. All the amblyopic eyes of the subjects had refractive error. Fifty-six percent (248) of the patients were male and the mean age was 7.74 ± 2.97 years. Anisometropia was the most common cause of amblyopia (p less than 0.001). One third (29 %) of the subjects had bilateral amblyopia due to high ametropia. Forty percent of eyes had severe amblyopia with visual acuity of 20/120 or worse. About twothirds (59.2 %) of the eyes had astigmatism.
The prevalence of amblyopia in the Nepal Eye Hospital is 0.7%. Anisometropia is the most common cause of amblyopia. Astigmatism is the most common types of refractive error in amblyopic eyes.
屈光不正为弱视的常见病因。
确定尼泊尔一家三级眼科医院弱视儿童的弱视患病率、屈光不正模式及类型。
对2006年7月至2011年6月在尼泊尔眼科医院（NEH）诊断为弱视的儿童进行回顾性病历审查。排除13岁及以上儿童或患有任何眼部疾病的儿童。对所有儿童进行散瞳验光和眼科检查。确定屈光不正模式以及屈光不正类型与弱视类型之间的关联。
在此期间，在NEH接受检查的62633名儿童中，有0.7%（440名）被发现患有弱视。所有弱视患者的患眼均有屈光不正。56%（248名）的患者为男性，平均年龄为7.74±2.97岁。屈光参差是弱视最常见的病因（p<0.001）。三分之一（29%）的受试者因高度屈光不正患有双侧弱视。40%的患眼患有重度弱视，视力为20/120或更差。约三分之二（59.2%）的患眼有散光。
尼泊尔眼科医院的弱视患病率为0.7%。屈光参差是弱视最常见的病因。散光是弱视患眼中最常见的屈光不正类型。
