Rodriguez M, Siwko S, Liu M
Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Alkek Rm. 505, 2121 W. Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Alkek Rm. 516, 2121 W. Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Curr Mol Med. 2016;16(6):526-32. doi: 10.2174/1566524016666160607091333.
Prostate cancer is highly prevalent among men in developed countries, but a significant proportion of detected cancers remain indolent, never progressing into aggressive carcinomas. This highlights the need to develop refined biomarkers that can distinguish between indolent and potentially dangerous cases. The prostate-specific G-protein coupled receptor (PSGR, or OR51E2) is an olfactory receptor family member with highly specific expression in human prostate epithelium that is highly overexpressed in PIN and prostate cancer. PSGR has been functionally implicated in prostate cancer cell invasiveness, suggesting a potential role in the transition to metastatic PCa. Recently, transgenic mice overexpressing PSGR in the prostate were reported to develop an acute inflammatory response followed by emergence of low grade PIN, whereas mice with compound PSGR overexpression and loss of PTEN exhibited accelerated formation of invasive prostate adenocarcinoma. This article will review recent PSGR findings with a focus on its role as a potential prostate cancer biomarker and regulator of prostate cancer invasion and inflammation.
前列腺癌在发达国家的男性中非常普遍，但相当一部分检测出的癌症仍呈惰性，从不发展为侵袭性癌。这凸显了开发能够区分惰性病例和潜在危险病例的精细生物标志物的必要性。前列腺特异性G蛋白偶联受体（PSGR，或OR51E2）是嗅觉受体家族成员，在人前列腺上皮中具有高度特异性表达，在前列腺上皮内瘤变（PIN）和前列腺癌中高度过表达。PSGR在功能上与前列腺癌细胞的侵袭性有关，提示其在向转移性前列腺癌转变中可能发挥作用。最近有报道称，在前列腺中过表达PSGR的转基因小鼠会发生急性炎症反应，随后出现低级别PIN，而同时过表达PSGR且缺失PTEN的小鼠则表现出侵袭性前列腺腺癌的加速形成。本文将综述PSGR的最新研究结果，重点关注其作为潜在前列腺癌生物标志物以及前列腺癌侵袭和炎症调节因子的作用。
