Mirzaei Hamed, Naseri Gholamreza, Rezaee Ramin, Mohammadi Mohsen, Banikazemi Zarrin, Mirzaei Hamid Reza, Salehi Hossein, Peyvandi Mostafa, Pawelek John M, Sahebkar Amirhossein
Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Department of Anatomical Sciences, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
Int J Cancer. 2016 Oct 15;139(8):1683-95. doi: 10.1002/ijc.30224. Epub 2016 Jul 4.
Melanoma remains among the most lethal cancers and, in spite of great attempts that have been made to increase the life span of patients with metastatic disease, durable and complete remissions are rare. Plants and plant extracts have long been used to treat a variety of human conditions; however, in many cases, effective doses of herbal remedies are associated with serious adverse effects. Curcumin is a natural polyphenol that shows a variety of pharmacological activities including anti-cancer effects, and only minimal adverse effects have been reported for this phytochemical. The anti-cancer effects of curcumin are the result of its anti-angiogenic, pro-apoptotic and immunomodulatory properties. At the molecular and cellular level, curcumin can blunt epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and affect many targets that are involved in melanoma initiation and progression (e.g., BCl2, MAPKS, p21 and some microRNAs). However, curcumin has a low oral bioavailability that may limit its maximal benefits. The emergence of tailored formulations of curcumin and new delivery systems such as nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles and phospholipid complexes has led to the enhancement of curcumin bioavailability. Although in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that curcumin and its analogues can be used as novel therapeutic agents in melanoma, curcumin has not yet been tested against melanoma in clinical practice. In this review, we summarized reported anti-melanoma effects of curcumin as well as studies on new curcumin formulations and delivery systems that show increased bioavailability. Such tailored delivery systems could pave the way for enhancement of the anti-melanoma effects of curcumin.
黑色素瘤仍然是最致命的癌症之一，尽管人们为延长转移性疾病患者的寿命做出了巨大努力，但持久且完全缓解的情况却很少见。植物和植物提取物长期以来一直用于治疗各种人类疾病；然而，在许多情况下，草药疗法的有效剂量会带来严重的不良反应。姜黄素是一种天然多酚，具有多种药理活性，包括抗癌作用，而且这种植物化学物质仅报告了极少的不良反应。姜黄素的抗癌作用源于其抗血管生成、促凋亡和免疫调节特性。在分子和细胞水平上，姜黄素可以抑制上皮-间质转化，并影响许多参与黑色素瘤起始和进展的靶点（如BCl2、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶、p21和一些微小RNA）。然而，姜黄素的口服生物利用度较低，这可能会限制其最大益处。姜黄素定制制剂以及纳米颗粒、脂质体、胶束和磷脂复合物等新递送系统的出现，提高了姜黄素的生物利用度。尽管体外和体内研究表明姜黄素及其类似物可作为黑色素瘤的新型治疗药物，但姜黄素尚未在临床实践中针对黑色素瘤进行测试。在本综述中，我们总结了已报道的姜黄素的抗黑色素瘤作用以及关于新的姜黄素制剂和显示出提高生物利用度的递送系统的研究。这种定制的递送系统可能为增强姜黄素的抗黑色素瘤作用铺平道路。
