Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Ann Med. 2024 Dec;56(1):2422051. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2422051. Epub 2024 Nov 4.
Ambient fine particulate matter (PM) exposure adversely impacts child airway health; however, research on prenatal PM exposure, and child lung function is limited. We investigated these associations in the ECHO-PATHWAYS Consortium, focusing on the role of exposure timing during different phases of fetal lung development.
We included 675 children in the CANDLE cohort born between 2007 and 2011 in Memphis, TN, USA. Prenatal exposure to ambient PM was estimated using a spatiotemporal model based on maternal residential history and averaged over established prenatal periods of lung development. Forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were measured by spirometry at age 8-9 years. We used linear regression and Bayesian Distributed Lag Interaction Models (BDLIM) to estimate associations between exposure and lung function z-scores, adjusting for maternal/child characteristics, prenatal/postnatal tobacco exposure, and birth year/season, and evaluating effect modification by child sex and allergic sensitization.
The average ambient concentration of PM during pregnancy was 11.1 µg/m (standard deviation:1.0 µg/m). In the adjusted linear regression and BDLIM models, adverse, but not statistically significant, associations were observed between exposure during the pseudoglandular (5-16 weeks of gestation) and saccular (24-36 weeks) phases of lung development and FEV1 and FVC. The strongest association was between a 2 μg/m higher concentration of PM during the saccular phase and FEV1 z-score (-0.176, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: -0.361, 0.010). The FEV1/FVC ratio was not associated with PM in any exposure window. No effect modification by child sex or allergic sensitization was observed.
We did not find strong evidence of associations between prenatal ambient PM exposure and child lung function in a large, well-characterized study sample. However, there was a suggested adverse association between FEV1 and exposure during late pregnancy. The saccular phase of lung development might be an important window for exposure to PM.
环境细颗粒物 (PM) 暴露对儿童气道健康有不利影响；然而，关于产前 PM 暴露与儿童肺功能的研究有限。我们在 ECHO-PATHWAYS 联盟中研究了这些关联，重点关注胎儿肺发育不同阶段的暴露时间的作用。
我们纳入了美国田纳西州孟菲斯市于 2007 年至 2011 年期间出生的 CANDLE 队列中的 675 名儿童。使用基于母亲居住史的时空模型来估计产前环境 PM 暴露，并在已建立的胎儿肺发育的产前期进行平均。在 8-9 岁时通过肺活量计测量第一秒用力呼气量 (FEV1) 和用力肺活量 (FVC)。我们使用线性回归和贝叶斯分布滞后交互模型 (BDLIM) 来估计暴露与肺功能 z 评分之间的关联，调整了母亲/儿童特征、产前/产后烟草暴露以及出生年份/季节，并评估了儿童性别和过敏致敏的效应修饰作用。
怀孕期间环境 PM 的平均浓度为 11.1μg/m（标准差：1.0μg/m）。在调整后的线性回归和 BDLIM 模型中，在肺发育的假腺（妊娠 5-16 周）和囊泡（妊娠 24-36 周）阶段的暴露与 FEV1 和 FVC 之间观察到了不利但无统计学意义的关联。与囊泡期 PM 浓度每增加 2μg/m 相关最强的是 FEV1 z 评分（-0.176，95%置信区间 [CI]：-0.361，0.010）。在任何暴露窗口中，FEV1/FVC 比值都与 PM 无关。未观察到儿童性别或过敏致敏的修饰作用。
在一个大型、特征良好的研究样本中，我们没有发现产前环境 PM 暴露与儿童肺功能之间存在强烈关联的有力证据。然而，在妊娠晚期暴露与 FEV1 之间存在不良关联的提示。肺发育的囊泡期可能是暴露于 PM 的重要窗口。
