Zhou Weijun, Tang Jia
Department of Pediatrics, Chongqing Yubei District People's Hospital, Jianshe Road, Chongqing401120, China.
BMC Pediatr. 2025 Jan 20;25(1):50. doi: 10.1186/s12887-025-05409-x.
This study aimed to systematically review and perform a meta-analysis on epidemiological studies in order to estimate the global and regional prevalence and to identify risk factors associated with childhood asthma.
A comprehensive search of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library electronic databases was conducted for relevant literature published from their inception to March 31, 2023. The primary endpoint was the prevalence of childhood asthma. Secondary endpoint focused on the identification of risk factors associated with childhood asthma.
A total of 1,547,404 children participated in the 164 studies selected for the meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of childhood asthma was 10.2% (95% CI: 9.5-11.0%), while the prevalence of childhood asthma in Asia, Europe, Latin America, North America, Oceania, Africa, or Eurasia were 10% (95%CI: 7-13%), 9% (95%CI: 7-12%), 14% (95%CI: 9-20%), 13% (95%CI: 12-14%), 23% (95%CI: 19-28%), 11% (95%CI: 7-19%), and 8% (95%CI: 2-27%), respectively. Moreover, the identified risk factors for childhood asthma included older age, male sex, obesity, parental smoking, high education of the mother, premature birth, cesarean section, no breastfeeding, family history of asthma, rhinitis, eczema, pets, high density of road traffic, meat, margarine, fast food, paracetamol use, and antibiotic use.
Childhood asthma is common, and the prevalence of asthma is highest in Oceania, with a lower prevalence in Eurasia. Moreover, the risk factors for childhood asthma were comprehensively identified, and health education should be provided to prevent modifiable factors.
本研究旨在对流行病学研究进行系统评价和荟萃分析，以估计全球和区域患病率，并确定与儿童哮喘相关的危险因素。
对PubMed、Embase和Cochrane图书馆电子数据库进行全面检索，查找从建库至2023年3月31日发表的相关文献。主要终点是儿童哮喘的患病率。次要终点侧重于确定与儿童哮喘相关的危险因素。
共有1,547,404名儿童参与了纳入荟萃分析的164项研究。儿童哮喘的总体患病率为10.2%（95%置信区间：9.5-11.0%），而亚洲、欧洲、拉丁美洲、北美洲、大洋洲、非洲或欧亚大陆的儿童哮喘患病率分别为10%（95%置信区间：7-13%）、9%（95%置信区间：7-12%）、14%（95%置信区间：9-20%）、13%（95%置信区间：12-14%）、23%（95%置信区间：19-28%）、11%（95%置信区间：7-19%）和8%（95%置信区间：2-27%）。此外，确定的儿童哮喘危险因素包括年龄较大、男性、肥胖、父母吸烟、母亲受教育程度高、早产、剖宫产、未母乳喂养、哮喘家族史、鼻炎、湿疹、宠物、道路交通密度高、肉类、人造黄油、快餐、使用对乙酰氨基酚和使用抗生素。
儿童哮喘很常见，大洋洲哮喘患病率最高，欧亚大陆患病率较低。此外，全面确定了儿童哮喘的危险因素，应开展健康教育以预防可改变的因素。
