Jacobson Heather L, Hall M Elizabeth Lewis, Anderson Tamara L, Willingham Michele M
Rosemead School of Psychology, Biola University, 13800 Biola Ave., La Mirada, CA, 90639, USA.
J Relig Health. 2016 Dec;55(6):2154-73. doi: 10.1007/s10943-016-0266-z.
Most research on religion and the body has focused on the relationship between broad dimensions of religion, such as religious commitment or religious orientation, and body image or eating behaviors. The present study extends existing research by examining two specific religiously influenced beliefs about the body within a Protestant Christian sample, radical dualism and sanctification, and by focusing on a wider range of attitudes toward the body. The view of radical dualism sees the body as corrupt and separate from oneself, while the view of sanctification sees the body as holy, worthy of respect, and integral to one's being. This study examined how both radically dualistic and sanctified views of the body relate to attitudes people hold about their bodies including body appreciation and two components of body objectification: self-surveillance and body shame. To date, none of these attitudes have been examined in relation to specific, nuanced religious beliefs about the body. Participants were 243 adults from a variety of Protestant denominations. Using an online survey system and self-report measures, participants indicated the degree to which they hold radically dualistic and sanctified views about their bodies as well as their attitudes toward their bodies. Radical dualism was found to be negatively related to body appreciation and positively related to body shame. Sanctification was found to predict body appreciation. Body shame mediated the relationship between religious beliefs about the body and self-surveillance. This study contributes to a greater understanding of how religiously based beliefs about the body are related to attitudes about the body.
大多数关于宗教与身体的研究都聚焦于宗教的宽泛维度（如宗教信仰或宗教取向）与身体意象或饮食行为之间的关系。本研究拓展了现有研究，通过在新教基督教样本中考察两种受宗教影响的关于身体的特定信念，即激进二元论和神圣化，并关注对身体更广泛的态度。激进二元论观点认为身体是堕落的，与自我相分离，而神圣化观点则认为身体是神圣的、值得尊重的，且是自我存在不可或缺的一部分。本研究考察了身体的激进二元论观点和神圣化观点如何与人们对自己身体的态度相关联，包括身体欣赏以及身体客体化的两个组成部分：自我监控和身体羞耻感。迄今为止，尚未有研究考察过这些态度与关于身体的具体、细微的宗教信念之间的关系。研究参与者为243名来自不同新教教派的成年人。通过在线调查系统和自我报告测量方法，参与者表明了他们对自己身体持有激进二元论和神圣化观点的程度以及他们对自己身体的态度。研究发现，激进二元论与身体欣赏呈负相关，与身体羞耻感呈正相关。神圣化被发现可以预测身体欣赏。身体羞耻感在关于身体的宗教信念与自我监控之间起到了中介作用。本研究有助于更深入地理解基于宗教的关于身体的信念如何与对身体的态度相关联。
