Łopuszańska Urszula, Skórzyńska-Dziduszko Katarzyna, Prendecka Monika, Makara-Studzińska Marta
Zakład Psychologii Stosowanej UM w Lublinie.
Katedra i Zakład Fizjologii Człowieka UM w Lublinie.
Psychiatr Pol. 2016;50(2):393-406. doi: 10.12740/PP/59031.
The aim of this study was to examine whether obesity affects cognitive functions in people suffering from mental illness.
91 persons suffering from mental illness, including 51 women and 40 men took part in the study. Mean age of patients was 46 years. These persons were under constant psychiatric care, they were the participants of the daily support centre. Overweight and obesity was measured by Body Mass Index (BMI). Abdominal obesity was measured according to IDF guidelines and waist-hip ratio (WHR). Cognitive functions were examined using STMS, Verbal Fluency Test and Rey Auditory Verbal Test.
Abdominal obesity was diagnosed in 70% of patients according to IDF guidelines and in 61% according to WHR, in women these results were respectively: 83% and 94%, while in men 62% and 32%. BMI distribution in the study group was respectively: obesity class II - 5 persons (5%), obesity class I - 26 persons (28%), overweight - 32 persons (35%), correct BMI - 27 persons (30%), underweight - 1 person (2%). There was a negative correlation between WHR, waist circumference and abstract reasoning, direct memory and delayed memory. BMI and body mass correlated negatively only with delayed memory. Number of medications taken by the studied persons showed a positive correlation with body mass and waist circumference. Negative correlations between cognitive functions and body mass, overweight and abdominal obesity was observed in women. In men these correlations were not observed, there were only correlations between cognitive functions and age.
Obesity contributes to a decline in cognitive functions especially in direct memory and abstract reasoning.
本研究旨在探讨肥胖是否会影响患有精神疾病的人的认知功能。
91名患有精神疾病的人参与了该研究，其中包括51名女性和40名男性。患者的平均年龄为46岁。这些人一直在接受精神科护理，他们是日常支持中心的参与者。通过体重指数（BMI）测量超重和肥胖情况。根据国际糖尿病联盟（IDF）指南和腰臀比（WHR）测量腹部肥胖情况。使用斯特鲁普测验（STMS）、语言流畅性测试和雷伊听觉词语学习测验来检查认知功能。
根据IDF指南，70%的患者被诊断为腹部肥胖，根据WHR则为61%；在女性中，这些结果分别为83%和94%，而在男性中分别为62%和32%。研究组的BMI分布情况分别为：II级肥胖5人（5%）, I级肥胖26人（28%），超重32人（35%），正常BMI 27人（30%），体重过轻1人（2%）。WHR、腰围与抽象推理、直接记忆和延迟记忆之间存在负相关。BMI和体重仅与延迟记忆呈负相关。被研究人员服用的药物数量与体重和腰围呈正相关。在女性中观察到认知功能与体重、超重和腹部肥胖之间存在负相关。在男性中未观察到这些相关性，仅存在认知功能与年龄之间的相关性。
肥胖会导致认知功能下降，尤其是直接记忆和抽象推理方面。
