Adamowicz Katarzyna, Mazur Aleksandra, Mak Monika, Samochowiec Jerzy, Kucharska-Mazur Jolanta
Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
Department of Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
Front Psychiatry. 2020 Apr 30;11:359. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00359. eCollection 2020.
The co-existence of schizophrenia and metabolic syndrome is a widely described phenomenon that contributes to the worse functioning of patients in everyday life. A relatively new area of research is the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MS) and cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia. The aim of the study was to verify the relationship between the presence of metabolic syndrome and cognitive function of patients with schizophrenia and to assess the possibility of changing cognitive function by introducing appropriate dietary intervention.
The study involved 87 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia according to ICD-10 criteria, aged 19 to 67 years (M = 41.67; SD = 11.87). Patients were in the remission phase of schizophrenia, all using antipsychotics for pharmacological treatment. From a group of 83 patients with schizophrenia and diagnosed metabolic syndrome (according to IDF criteria) 30 patients were randomly assigned to an experimental group-with dietary intervention, 29 patients-to group without dietary intervention, 24 patients with schizophrenia without metabolic syndrome was a comparison group. All groups were evaluated for cognitive function using Stroop Test, Trail Making Test (TMT), Verbal Fluency Test, Digit Span Backwards Test. In the experimental group a dietary intervention was applied, which was to provide the examined person with a 7-day dietary plan with reduced calorie content, in compliance with the Mediterranean diet.
After the dietary intervention there was a significant improvement in the number of errors made in the third Stroop Test (p <0.001), the time taken to complete the Point Linking Test was shortened (Test B; p = 0.005), there was an improvement in Verbal Fluency Test in "animals" category (p = 0.006) "sharp objects" category (p = 0.009), the number of repeated digits has increased in Digit Span Test in "forward" category (p = 0.001) and overall completion of the test (p = 0.021). In the group of patients with MS without dietary intervention, the results of cognitive tests remained mostly unchanged.
Change of eating habits may be a significant element of a holistic approach to the problems of treatment of schizophrenia.
精神分裂症与代谢综合征并存是一种被广泛描述的现象，它会导致患者在日常生活中功能更差。一个相对较新的研究领域是代谢综合征（MS）与精神分裂症患者认知功能之间的关系。本研究的目的是验证代谢综合征的存在与精神分裂症患者认知功能之间的关系，并评估通过适当的饮食干预改变认知功能的可能性。
本研究纳入了87名根据ICD - 10标准诊断为精神分裂症的个体，年龄在19至67岁之间（M = 41.67；SD = 11.87）。患者处于精神分裂症缓解期，均使用抗精神病药物进行药物治疗。从83名患有精神分裂症且被诊断为代谢综合征（根据国际糖尿病联盟标准）的患者中，随机将30名患者分配到实验组——接受饮食干预，29名患者——分配到无饮食干预组，24名无代谢综合征的精神分裂症患者作为对照组。所有组均使用斯特鲁普测验、连线测验（TMT）、言语流畅性测验、数字倒背测验评估认知功能。在实验组实施饮食干预，即根据地中海饮食为受检者提供一份热量降低的7天饮食计划。
饮食干预后，第三次斯特鲁普测验中的错误数量有显著改善（p < 0.001），完成连线测验的时间缩短（测验B；p = 0.005），“动物”类别言语流畅性测验有改善（p = 0.006），“尖锐物体”类别（p = 0.009），数字广度测验“顺背”类别中重复数字的数量增加（p = 0.001）以及测验总体完成情况（p = 0.021）。在无饮食干预的MS患者组中，认知测试结果大多保持不变。
改变饮食习惯可能是精神分裂症治疗问题整体方法的一个重要因素。
