Tilden Ellen L, Caughey Aaron B, Lee Christopher S, Emeis Cathy
J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2016 Jul-Aug;45(4):465-80. doi: 10.1016/j.jogn.2016.06.003. Epub 2016 Jun 9.
To synthesize and critique the quantitative literature on measuring childbirth self-efficacy and the effect of childbirth self-efficacy on perinatal outcomes.
Eligible studies were identified through searches of MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases.
Published research articles that used a tool explicitly intended to measure childbirth self-efficacy and that examined outcomes within the perinatal period were included. All articles were in English and were published in peer-reviewed journals.
First author, country, year of publication, reference and definition of childbirth self-efficacy, measurement of childbirth self-efficacy, sample recruitment and retention, sample characteristics, study design, interventions (with experimental and quasiexperimental studies), and perinatal outcomes were extracted and summarized.
Of 619 publications, 23 studies published between 1983 and 2015 met inclusion criteria and were critiqued and synthesized in this review.
There is overall consistency in how childbirth self-efficacy is defined and measured among studies, which facilitates comparison and synthesis. Our findings suggest that increased childbirth self-efficacy is associated with a wide variety of improved perinatal outcomes. Moreover, there is evidence that childbirth self-efficacy is a psychosocial factor that can be modified through various efficacy-enhancing interventions. Future researchers will be able to build knowledge in this area through (a) use of experimental and quasiexperimental design, (b) recruitment and retention of more diverse samples, (c) explicit reporting of definitions of terms (e.g., high risk), (d) investigation of interventions that increase childbirth self-efficacy during pregnancy, and (e) investigation about how childbirth self-efficacy-enhancing interventions might lead to decreased active labor pain and suffering. Exploratory research should continue to examine the potential association between higher prenatal childbirth self-efficacy and improved early parenting outcomes.
综合并评论关于测量分娩自我效能感以及分娩自我效能感对围产期结局影响的定量文献。
通过检索MEDLINE、CINAHL、Scopus和谷歌学术数据库确定符合条件的研究。
纳入已发表的研究文章，这些文章使用了明确用于测量分娩自我效能感的工具，并研究了围产期内的结局。所有文章均为英文且发表于同行评审期刊。
提取并总结第一作者、国家、发表年份、分娩自我效能感的参考文献和定义、分娩自我效能感的测量方法、样本招募与留存情况、样本特征、研究设计、干预措施（包括实验性和准实验性研究）以及围产期结局。
在619篇出版物中，1983年至2015年间发表的23项研究符合纳入标准，在本综述中进行了评论和综合。
各项研究在分娩自我效能感的定义和测量方法上总体一致，这便于进行比较和综合。我们的研究结果表明，分娩自我效能感的提高与多种改善的围产期结局相关。此外，有证据表明分娩自我效能感是一种社会心理因素，可以通过各种增强效能的干预措施加以改变。未来的研究人员将能够通过以下方式在该领域积累知识：（a）使用实验性和准实验性设计；（b）招募和留存更多样化的样本；（c）明确报告术语的定义（如高风险）；（d）研究在孕期提高分娩自我效能感的干预措施；（e）研究增强分娩自我效能感的干预措施如何可能导致产时主动疼痛和痛苦的减轻。探索性研究应继续考察较高的产前分娩自我效能感与改善早期育儿结局之间的潜在关联。
