Moore Nicole L T, Altman Daniel E, Gauchan Sangeeta, Genovese Raymond F
a Military Psychiatry Branch , Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research , Silver Spring , MD , USA.
Stress. 2016 May;19(3):295-302. doi: 10.1080/10253890.2016.1191465.
Stress exposure during development may influence adulthood stress response severity. The present study investigates persisting effects of two adolescent stressors upon adulthood response to predator exposure (PE). Rats were exposed to underwater trauma (UWT) or PE during adolescence, then to PE after reaching adulthood. Rats were then exposed to predator odor (PO) to test responses to predator cues alone. Behavioral and neuroendocrine assessments were conducted to determine acute effects of each stress experience. Adolescent stress altered behavioral response to adulthood PE. Acoustic startle response was blunted. Bidirectional changes in plus maze exploration were revealed as a factor of adolescent stress type. Neuroendocrine response magnitude did not predict severity of adolescent or adult stress response, suggesting that different adolescent stress events may differentially alter developmental outcomes regardless of acute behavioral or neuroendocrine response. We report that exposure to two different stressors in adolescence may differentially affect stress response outcomes in adulthood. Acute response to an adolescent stressor may not be consistent across all stressors or all dependent measures, and may not predict alterations in developmental outcomes pertaining to adulthood stress exposure. Further studies are needed to characterize factors underlying long-term effects of a developmental stressor.
发育过程中暴露于应激源可能会影响成年期应激反应的严重程度。本研究调查了两种青少年应激源对成年期对捕食者暴露（PE）反应的持续影响。大鼠在青春期暴露于水下创伤（UWT）或PE，成年后再暴露于PE。然后让大鼠暴露于捕食者气味（PO）以测试单独对捕食者线索的反应。进行行为和神经内分泌评估以确定每种应激经历的急性影响。青少年应激改变了成年期对PE的行为反应。听觉惊吓反应减弱。作为青少年应激类型的一个因素，双向变化在加迷宫探索中被揭示。神经内分泌反应幅度并不能预测青少年或成年期应激反应的严重程度，这表明不同的青少年应激事件可能会不同程度地改变发育结果，而与急性行为或神经内分泌反应无关。我们报告说，青春期暴露于两种不同的应激源可能会不同程度地影响成年期的应激反应结果。对青少年应激源的急性反应在所有应激源或所有相关测量中可能不一致，并且可能无法预测与成年期应激暴露相关的发育结果的改变。需要进一步的研究来确定发育应激源长期影响的潜在因素。
