Grieger Khara D, Hansen Steffen Foss, Mortensen Ninell P, Cates Sheryl, Kowalcyk Barbara
RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27609, USA.
DTU Environment, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark.
J Food Prot. 2016 May;79(5):830-42. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-15-335.
To provide greater transparency and comprehensive information to consumers regarding their purchase choices, the European Parliament and the Council have mandated via Regulation 1169/2011 that foods containing engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) be labeled. This review covers the main concerns related to the use of ENMs in foods and the potential impacts that this type of food labeling might have on diverse stakeholder groups, including those outside the European Union (EU), e.g., in the United States. We also provide recommendations to stakeholders for overcoming existing challenges related to labeling foods containing ENMs. The revised EU food labeling requirements will likely result in a number of positive developments and a number of challenges for stakeholders in both EU and non-EU countries. Although labeling of foods containing ENMs will likely improve transparency, provide more information to facilitate consumer decisions, and build trust among food safety authorities and consumers, critical obstacles to the successful implementation of these labeling requirements remain, including the need for (i) harmonized information requirements or regulations between countries in different regions of the world, (ii) clarification of the regulatory definitions of the ENMs to be used for food labeling, (iii) robust techniques to detect, measure, and characterize diverse ENMs in food matrices, and (iv) clarification of the list of ENMs that may be exempt from labeling requirements, such as several food additives used for decades. We recommend that food industries and food safety authorities be more proactive in communicating with the public and consumer groups regarding the potential benefits and risks of using ENMs in foods. Efforts should be made to improve harmonization of information requirements between countries to avoid potential international trade barriers.
为了向消费者提供有关其购买选择的更大透明度和全面信息，欧洲议会和理事会已通过第1169/2011号法规规定，含有工程纳米材料（ENM）的食品必须进行标签标注。本综述涵盖了与食品中使用ENM相关的主要问题，以及这种食品标签可能对包括欧盟以外（如美国）在内的不同利益相关者群体产生的潜在影响。我们还向利益相关者提供了建议，以克服与标注含有ENM的食品相关的现有挑战。欧盟修订后的食品标签要求可能会给欧盟和非欧盟国家的利益相关者带来一些积极的发展和挑战。尽管标注含有ENM的食品可能会提高透明度，提供更多信息以方便消费者决策，并在食品安全当局和消费者之间建立信任，但这些标签要求成功实施的关键障碍仍然存在，包括需要（i）世界不同地区国家之间统一信息要求或法规，（ii）明确用于食品标签的ENM的监管定义，（iii）用于检测、测量和表征食品基质中各种ENM的可靠技术，以及（iv）明确可能免于标签要求的ENM清单，例如已使用数十年的几种食品添加剂。我们建议食品行业和食品安全当局在与公众和消费者群体就食品中使用ENM的潜在益处和风险进行沟通方面更加积极主动。应努力改善各国之间信息要求的协调统一，以避免潜在的国际贸易壁垒。
