Latt Nyi Nyi, Myat Cho Su, Htun Nang Mie Mie, Myint Myat Noe Htin Aung, Aoki Fumiko, Reyer Joshua A, Yamamoto Eiko, Yoshida Yoshitoku, Hamajima Nobuyuki
Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
Women Leaders Program to Promote Well-being in Asia, School of Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
Nagoya J Med Sci. 2016 May;78(2):123-34.
Myanmar transitioned to a civilian government in March, 2011. Although the democratic process has accelerated since then, many problems in the field of healthcare still exist. Since there is a limited overview on the healthcare in Myanmar, this article briefly describes the current states surrounding health services in Myanmar. According to the Census 2014, the population in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar was 51,410,000. The crude birth rate in the previous one year was estimated to be 18.9 per 1,000, giving the annual population growth rate of 0.89% between 2003 and 2014. The Ministry of Health reorganized into six departments. National non-governmental organizations and community-based organizations support healthcare, as well as international non-governmental organizations. Since hospital statistics by the government cover only public facilities, the information on private facilities is limited. Although there were not enough medical doctors (61 per 100,000 population), the number of medical students was reduced from 2,400 to 1,200 in 2012 to ensure the quality of medical education. The information on causes of death in the general population could not be retrieved, but some data was available from hospital statistics. Although the improvement was marked, the figures did not reach the levels set by Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5. A trial prepaid health insurance system started in July 2015, to be followed by evaluation one year later. There are many international donors, including the Japan International Cooperation Agency, supporting health in Myanmar. With these efforts and support, a marked progress is expected in the field of healthcare.
2011年3月,缅甸过渡到文官政府。自那时起,民主进程加速,但医疗保健领域仍存在许多问题。由于对缅甸医疗保健的总体概述有限,本文简要介绍了缅甸卫生服务的现状。根据2014年人口普查,缅甸联邦共和国人口为5141万。前一年的粗出生率估计为每1000人18.9人,2003年至2014年期间的年人口增长率为0.89%。卫生部重组为六个部门。国家非政府组织和社区组织以及国际非政府组织都为医疗保健提供支持。由于政府的医院统计数据仅涵盖公共设施,关于私人设施的信息有限。尽管医生数量不足(每10万人中有61名医生),但2012年医学生数量从2400人减少到1200人,以确保医学教育质量。无法获取普通人群的死亡原因信息,但可从医院统计数据中获得一些数据。尽管有显著改善,但这些数字未达到千年发展目标4和5设定的水平。2015年7月启动了一项预付健康保险制度试点,一年后进行评估。包括日本国际协力机构在内,有许多国际捐助者为缅甸的卫生事业提供支持。通过这些努力和支持,预计医疗保健领域将取得显著进展。