Charbonnier Yohan M, Barbaro Luc, Barnagaud Jean-Yves, Ampoorter Evy, Nezan Julien, Verheyen Kris, Jactel Hervé
BIOGECO, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33610, Cestas, France.
DYNAFOR, INPT-EI Purpan, INRA, Univ. Toulouse, 31320, Auzeville, France.
Oecologia. 2016 Oct;182(2):529-37. doi: 10.1007/s00442-016-3671-9. Epub 2016 Jun 16.
Species assemblages are shaped by local and continental-scale processes that are seldom investigated together, due to the lack of surveys along independent gradients of latitude and habitat types. Our study investigated changes in the effects of forest composition and structure on bat and bird diversity across Europe. We compared the taxonomic and functional diversity of bat and bird assemblages in 209 mature forest plots spread along gradients of forest composition and vertical structure, replicated in 6 regions spanning from the Mediterranean to the boreal biomes. Species richness and functional evenness of both bat and bird communities were affected by the interactions between latitude and forest composition and structure. Bat and bird species richness increased with broadleaved tree cover in temperate and especially in boreal regions but not in the Mediterranean where they increased with conifer abundance. Bat species richness was lower in forests with smaller trees and denser understorey only in northern regions. Bird species richness was not affected by forest structure. Bird functional evenness increased in younger and denser forests. Bat functional evenness was also influenced by interactions between latitude and understorey structure, increasing in temperate forests but decreasing in the Mediterranean. Covariation between bat and bird abundances also shifted across Europe, from negative in southern forests to positive in northern forests. Our results suggest that community assembly processes in bats and birds of European forests are predominantly driven by abundance and accessibility of feeding resources, i.e., insect prey, and their changes across both forest types and latitudes.
物种组合受局部和大陆尺度过程的影响，由于缺乏沿纬度和栖息地类型独立梯度的调查，这些过程很少被同时研究。我们的研究调查了欧洲森林组成和结构对蝙蝠和鸟类多样性影响的变化。我们比较了209个成熟森林样地中蝙蝠和鸟类组合的分类多样性和功能多样性，这些样地沿着森林组成和垂直结构的梯度分布，并在从地中海到北方生物群落的6个区域进行了重复。蝙蝠和鸟类群落的物种丰富度和功能均匀度受到纬度与森林组成和结构之间相互作用的影响。蝙蝠和鸟类的物种丰富度在温带地区，特别是北方地区，随着阔叶树覆盖率的增加而增加，但在地中海地区则随着针叶树丰度的增加而增加。仅在北方地区，树木较小且林下植被茂密的森林中蝙蝠物种丰富度较低。鸟类物种丰富度不受森林结构影响。在较年轻且较茂密的森林中鸟类功能均匀度增加。蝙蝠功能均匀度也受到纬度与林下植被结构之间相互作用的影响，在温带森林中增加，而在地中海地区减少。蝙蝠和鸟类丰度之间的协变在欧洲各地也发生了变化，从南方森林中的负相关变为北方森林中的正相关。我们的结果表明，欧洲森林中蝙蝠和鸟类的群落组装过程主要受觅食资源（即昆虫猎物）的丰度和可获取性及其在森林类型和纬度上的变化驱动。
