Saeb Amr T M, Al-Naqeb Dhekra
Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 18397, Riyadh 11415, Saudi Arabia.
Scientifica (Cairo). 2016;2016:2079704. doi: 10.1155/2016/2079704. Epub 2016 May 30.
Investigating the molecular evolution of human genome has paved the way to understand genetic adaptation of humans to the environmental changes and corresponding complex diseases. In this review, we discussed the historical origin of genetic diversity among human populations, the evolutionary driving forces that can affect genetic diversity among populations, and the effects of human movement into new environments and gene flow on population genetic diversity. Furthermore, we presented the role of natural selection on genetic diversity and complex diseases. Then we reviewed the disadvantageous consequences of historical selection events in modern time and their relation to the development of complex diseases. In addition, we discussed the effect of consanguinity on the incidence of complex diseases in human populations. Finally, we presented the latest information about the role of ancient genes acquired from interbreeding with ancient hominids in the development of complex diseases.
研究人类基因组的分子进化为理解人类对环境变化的遗传适应以及相应的复杂疾病铺平了道路。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了人群间遗传多样性的历史起源、影响人群间遗传多样性的进化驱动力，以及人类迁移到新环境和基因流动对群体遗传多样性的影响。此外，我们阐述了自然选择对遗传多样性和复杂疾病的作用。然后我们回顾了历史选择事件在现代产生的不利后果及其与复杂疾病发展的关系。此外，我们讨论了近亲结婚对人群中复杂疾病发病率的影响。最后，我们介绍了有关与古代人类杂交获得的古老基因在复杂疾病发展中的作用的最新信息。
