患有急性下呼吸道感染的南非幼儿中的呼吸道病毒及其与艾滋病毒的相互作用
Respiratory viruses in young South African children with acute lower respiratory infections and interactions with HIV.
作者信息
Annamalay Alicia A, Abbott Salome, Sikazwe Chisha, Khoo Siew-Kim, Bizzintino Joelene, Zhang Guicheng, Laing Ingrid, Chidlow Glenys R, Smith David W, Gern James, Goldblatt Jack, Lehmann Deborah, Green Robin J, Le Souëf Peter N
机构信息
School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
Division of Paediatric Pulmonology, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
出版信息
J Clin Virol. 2016 Aug;81:58-63. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.06.002. Epub 2016 Jun 4.
BACKGROUND
Human rhinovirus (RV) is the most common respiratory virus and has been associated with frequent and severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI). The prevalence of RV species among HIV-infected children in South Africa is unknown.
OBJECTIVES
To describe the prevalence of respiratory viruses, including RV species, associated with HIV status and other clinical symptoms in children less than two years of age with and without ALRI in Pretoria, South Africa.
STUDY DESIGN
Nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from 105 hospitalized ALRI cases and 53 non-ALRI controls less than two years of age. HIV status was determined. Common respiratory viruses were identified by PCR, and RV species and genotypes were identified by semi-nested PCR, sequencing and phylogenetic tree analyses.
RESULTS
Respiratory viruses were more common among ALRI cases than controls (83.8% vs. 69.2%; p=0.041). RV was the most commonly identified virus in cases with pneumonia (45.6%) or bronchiolitis (52.1%), regardless of HIV status, as well as in controls (39.6%). RV-A was identified in 26.7% of cases and 15.1% of controls while RV-C was identified in 21.0% of cases and 18.9% of controls. HIV-infected children were more likely to be diagnosed with pneumonia than bronchiolitis (p<0.01). RSV was not identified in any HIV-infected cases (n=15) compared with 30.6% of HIV-uninfected cases (n=85, p=0.013), and was identified more frequently in bronchiolitis than in pneumonia cases (43.8% vs. 12.3%; p<0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
RV-A and RV-C are endemic in South African children and HIV infection may be protective against RSV and bronchiolitis.
背景
人鼻病毒（RV）是最常见的呼吸道病毒，与频繁且严重的急性下呼吸道感染（ALRI）有关。南非感染艾滋病毒儿童中RV种类的流行情况尚不清楚。
目的
描述南非比勒陀利亚年龄小于两岁、有或无ALRI的儿童中与艾滋病毒感染状况及其他临床症状相关的呼吸道病毒（包括RV种类）的流行情况。
研究设计
收集了105例年龄小于两岁的住院ALRI病例和53例非ALRI对照的鼻咽抽吸物。确定了艾滋病毒感染状况。通过PCR鉴定常见呼吸道病毒，通过半巢式PCR、测序和系统发育树分析鉴定RV种类和基因型。
结果
呼吸道病毒在ALRI病例中比对照中更常见（83.8%对69.2%；p = 0.041）。无论艾滋病毒感染状况如何，RV是肺炎（45.6%）或细支气管炎（52.1%）病例以及对照（39.6%）中最常鉴定出的病毒。26.7%的病例和15.1%的对照中鉴定出RV - A，21.0%的病例和18.9%的对照中鉴定出RV - C。感染艾滋病毒的儿童比患细支气管炎的儿童更易被诊断为肺炎（p<0.01）。在任何感染艾滋病毒的病例（n = 15）中均未鉴定出呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV），而在未感染艾滋病毒的病例中有30.6%（n = 85，p = 0.013）鉴定出RSV，且在细支气管炎病例中比肺炎病例中更频繁鉴定出RSV（43.8%对12.3%；p<0.01）。
结论
RV - A和RV - C在南非儿童中呈地方性流行，艾滋病毒感染可能对RSV和细支气管炎具有保护作用。
Zotero 插件