Knight-Jones T J D, Robinson L, Charleston B, Rodriguez L L, Gay C G, Sumption K J, Vosloo W
International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Lusaka, Zambia.
Insight Editing London, London, UK.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2016 Jun;63 Suppl 1:3-13. doi: 10.1111/tbed.12528.
The Global Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) Research Alliance periodically reviews the state of FMD research to assess progress and to identify new priorities. In this supplement we provide an update of global FMD research, comprising (i) this overview paper, which includes background information with key findings, and papers covering (ii) epidemiology, wildlife and economics, (iii) vaccines, (iv) diagnostics, (v) biotherapeutics and disinfectants, (vi) immunology and (vii) pathogenesis and molecular biology. FMD research publications were reviewed (2011-2015) and activity updates were obtained from 33 FMD research institutes from around the world. Although a continual threat, FMD has been effectively controlled in much of the world using existing tools. However, control remains a challenge in most developing countries, where little has been done to understand the ongoing burden of FMD. More research is needed to support control in endemically infected countries, particularly robust field studies. Traditional FMD vaccines have several limitations including short duration and spectrum of protection, cold chain requirements, and the costs and biosecurity risks associated with vaccine production. Significant progress has been made in the development of novel vaccine candidates, particularly in the use of recombinant vaccines and virus-like particles as an alternative to traditional inactivated whole virus vaccines. Continued investment is needed to turn these developments into improved vaccines produced at scale. Increased knowledge of cellular and mucosal immunity would benefit vaccine development, as would further advances in our ability to enhance vaccine capsid stability. Developments in molecular biology and phylogenetics underlie many of the recent advances in FMD research, including improved vaccines and diagnostics, and improved understanding of FMD epidemiology. Tools for genetic analyses continue to become both more powerful and more affordable enabling them to be used to address an ever-expanding range of questions. This rapidly advancing field potentiates many areas of FMD research and should be prioritized.
全球口蹄疫研究联盟定期审查口蹄疫研究状况，以评估进展并确定新的优先事项。在本增刊中，我们提供了全球口蹄疫研究的最新情况，包括（i）这篇概述文章，其中包含背景信息和主要发现，以及涵盖（ii）流行病学、野生动物与经济学、（iii）疫苗、（iv）诊断方法、（v）生物治疗剂与消毒剂、（vi）免疫学和（vii）发病机制与分子生物学的论文。对口蹄疫研究出版物（2011 - 2015年）进行了审查，并从全球33个口蹄疫研究机构获取了活动更新情况。尽管口蹄疫仍然是一个持续的威胁，但在世界大部分地区，利用现有工具已有效控制了口蹄疫。然而，在大多数发展中国家，控制仍然是一项挑战，因为在了解口蹄疫持续负担方面所做的工作很少。在地方流行感染国家，需要更多研究来支持控制工作，特别是强有力的现场研究。传统口蹄疫疫苗有几个局限性，包括保护期短和保护范围有限、冷链要求以及与疫苗生产相关的成本和生物安全风险。在新型候选疫苗的开发方面已取得重大进展，特别是在使用重组疫苗和病毒样颗粒替代传统灭活全病毒疫苗方面。需要持续投资，将这些进展转化为大规模生产的改良疫苗。增加对细胞免疫和黏膜免疫的了解将有利于疫苗开发，提高疫苗衣壳稳定性的能力取得进一步进展也将如此。分子生物学和系统发育学的发展是口蹄疫研究近期许多进展的基础，包括改良疫苗和诊断方法，以及对口蹄疫流行病学的更好理解。遗传分析工具继续变得更强大且更经济实惠，使其能够用于解决越来越广泛的问题。这个快速发展的领域对口蹄疫研究很多领域都有促进作用，应作为优先事项。
