Liu Zhiwen, Wang Shixuan, Mi Qing-Sheng, Dong Zheng
Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Nephron. 2016;134(3):149-153. doi: 10.1159/000446551. Epub 2016 Jun 21.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression mainly by repressing their target gene translation. A large spectrum of human diseases is associated with significant changes in miRNAs. Many miRNAs are induced in diseases, whereas some others are downregulated. The significance of miRNAs has been demonstrated in renal development and physiology, and in major kidney diseases such as acute kidney injury (AKI). Recent studies have further implicated specific miRNAs in the pathogenesis of AKI. miRNAs also have the potential to become new diagnostic biomarkers of AKI. Further investigation will identify the key pathogenic miRNAs in various types of AKI and test miRNA-based therapeutics and diagnosis. © 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel.
微小RNA（miRNA）是一类小的非编码RNA，主要通过抑制其靶基因翻译来调节基因表达。多种人类疾病都与miRNA的显著变化有关。许多miRNA在疾病中被诱导表达，而其他一些则表达下调。miRNA在肾脏发育、生理功能以及诸如急性肾损伤（AKI）等主要肾脏疾病中已显示出重要性。最近的研究进一步表明特定的miRNA参与了AKI的发病机制。miRNA也有潜力成为AKI的新型诊断生物标志物。进一步的研究将确定各类AKI中的关键致病miRNA，并测试基于miRNA的治疗方法和诊断手段。© 2016 S. Karger AG，巴塞尔。
