Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
I. Department of Medicine and Martin Zeitz Centre for Rare Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Semin Immunopathol. 2016 Nov;38(6):669-685. doi: 10.1007/s00281-016-0573-1. Epub 2016 Jun 20.
The mother's immune system has to adapt to pregnancy accepting the semi-allograft fetus and preventing harmful effects to the developing child. Aberrations in feto-maternal immune adaptation may result in disease of the mother, such as liver injury. Five pregnancy-associated liver disorders have been described so far, however, little is known concerning immune alterations promoting the respective disease. These liver disorders are pre-eclampsia, hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count (HELLP), acute fatty liver, hyperemesis gravidarum, and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. On the other hand, pre-existing autoimmune liver injury of the mother can be affected by pregnancy. This review intends to summarize current knowledge linking feto-maternal immunology and liver inflammation with a special emphasis on novel potential biomarkers.
母体的免疫系统必须适应怀孕，接受半同种异体胎儿，防止对发育中的胎儿产生有害影响。胎儿-母体免疫适应的异常可能导致母亲患病，如肝损伤。目前已经描述了五种与妊娠相关的肝脏疾病，但是对于促进这些疾病的免疫改变知之甚少。这些肝脏疾病包括子痫前期、溶血、肝酶升高、血小板减少（HELLP）、急性脂肪肝、妊娠剧吐和妊娠肝内胆汁淤积症。另一方面，母亲先前存在的自身免疫性肝损伤可能会受到妊娠的影响。这篇综述旨在总结目前关于胎儿-母体免疫学和肝脏炎症的知识，并特别强调新的潜在生物标志物。
