Wear Hannah M, McPike Matthew J, Watanabe Karen H
Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd. Mail code HRC3, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd. Mail code GH230, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
J Ovarian Res. 2016 Jun 21;9(1):36. doi: 10.1186/s13048-016-0246-7.
Normal development of reproductive organs is crucial for successful reproduction. In mice the early ovarian developmental process occurs during the embryonic and postnatal period and is regulated through a series of molecular signaling events. Early ovarian development in mice is a seventeen-day process that begins with the rise of six primordial germ cells on embryonic day five (E5) and ends with the formation of primordial follicles on postnatal day two (P2).
We reviewed the current literature and created a visual representation of early ovarian development that depicts the important molecular events and associated phenotypic outcomes based on primary data. The visual representation shows the timeline of key signaling interactions and regulation of protein expression in different cells involved in ovarian development. The major developmental events were divided into five phases: 1) origin of germ cells and maintenance of pluripotency; 2) primordial germ cell migration; 3) sex differentiation; 4) formation of germ cell nests; and 5) germ cell nest breakdown and primordial follicle formation.
This review and visual representation provide a summary of the current scientific understanding of the key regulation and signaling during ovarian development and highlights areas needing further study. The visual representation can be used as an educational resource to link molecular events with phenotypic outcomes; serves as a tool to generate new hypotheses and predictions of adverse reproductive outcomes due to perturbations at the molecular and cellular levels; and provides a comprehendible foundation for computational model development and hypothesis testing.
生殖器官的正常发育对于成功繁殖至关重要。在小鼠中，卵巢早期发育过程发生在胚胎期和出生后，并且通过一系列分子信号事件进行调控。小鼠卵巢早期发育是一个为期17天的过程，始于胚胎第5天（E5）六个原始生殖细胞的出现，并于出生后第2天（P2）原始卵泡的形成结束。
我们回顾了当前的文献，并创建了一个卵巢早期发育的可视化表示，该表示基于原始数据描绘了重要的分子事件和相关的表型结果。该可视化表示展示了参与卵巢发育的不同细胞中关键信号相互作用和蛋白质表达调控的时间线。主要发育事件分为五个阶段：1）生殖细胞起源和多能性维持；2）原始生殖细胞迁移；3）性别分化；4）生殖细胞巢形成；5）生殖细胞巢解体和原始卵泡形成。
本综述和可视化表示总结了当前对卵巢发育过程中关键调控和信号的科学理解，并突出了需要进一步研究的领域。该可视化表示可作为一种教育资源，将分子事件与表型结果联系起来；作为一种工具，用于生成由于分子和细胞水平的扰动而导致不良生殖结果的新假设和预测；并为计算模型开发和假设检验提供一个可理解的基础。
