Yadegari Samira
Department of Neuro-ophthalmology, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Ghazvin Ave, Tehran, Iran, 1336616351.
Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Neurol Sci. 2016 Oct;37(10):1589-96. doi: 10.1007/s10072-016-2633-7. Epub 2016 Jun 21.
Blepharoptosis or drooping of upper eye lid is a common, but non-specific sign of neurological diseases which sometimes could herald a life-threatening disorder. First, the diagnosis of ptosis should be established by considering four clinical measurements: palpebral fissure height, marginal reflex distance, upper eyelid crease, and levator function test. The diagnostic categories of ptosis are scheduled as pseudo-ptosis, congenital, and acquired ptosis. Acquired causes include mechanical, myogenic, neuromuscular, neurogenic, and cerebral. Each category with diseases presenting with ptosis was described in detail. Considering some features, such as involvement of other cranial nerves, extraocular muscle, pupil size and reactivity, and unilateral or bilateral presentation of ptosis, could help to narrow the differential diagnosis.
上睑下垂即上眼睑下垂，是一种常见但非特异性的神经系统疾病体征，有时可能预示着危及生命的病症。首先，应通过考虑四项临床测量指标来确诊上睑下垂：睑裂高度、边缘反射距离、上睑皱襞以及提上睑肌功能测试。上睑下垂的诊断类别分为假性上睑下垂、先天性上睑下垂和后天性上睑下垂。后天性病因包括机械性、肌源性、神经肌肉性、神经源性和脑部性。详细描述了每种伴有上睑下垂症状的疾病类别。考虑一些特征，如其他颅神经受累情况、眼外肌、瞳孔大小和反应性以及上睑下垂的单侧或双侧表现，有助于缩小鉴别诊断范围。
