Gusmão M R, Valério J R, Matta F P, Souza F H D, Vigna B B Z, Fávero A P, Barioni W, Inácio G R
Embrapa Southeast Livestock, Rod. Washington Luiz, Km 234 - P.O. Box 339, São Carlos - SP, 13560-970, Brazil (
Embrapa Beef Cattle, Avenida Rádio Maia 830, Campo Grande - MS, 79106-550, Brazil (
J Econ Entomol. 2016 Aug;109(4):1914-21. doi: 10.1093/jee/tow135. Epub 2016 Jun 21.
Screening for resistance to insect pests is one of the early stages of grass breeding programs. Pasture spittlebugs are sap-sucking insects that potentially cause severe damage to turfgrasses, including the loss of functional quality and perenniallity. The Brazilian flora has a large number of grass species with wide morphological variability and adaptability to different soil and climate conditions that can potentially be used as lawns. However, no study has screened turfgrass genotypes for resistance to spittlebug attack. In this study, we evaluated the intra- and interspecific variability of 35 turfgrass genotypes in the genera Paspalum, Axonopus, and Zoysia for resistance to the pasture spittlebugs, Deois flavopicta (Stal) and Notozulia entreriana (Berg) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae), as measured by damage scores, densities of nymphs and adults, and level of antibiosis resistance. Genotypes were grouped into three groups using cluster analysis and principal component analysis: GroupI had genotypes associated with low damage scores and high density of adult spittlebugs; GroupII had genotypes with intermediate damage scores and low density of nymphs and adults; and GroupIII was formed by genotypes with high damage scores and high nymph density. Intra- and interspecific genotypic variability was related to antibiosis resistance and morphological variation among genotypes with some indicating nonpreference resistance and others indicating tolerance resistance. Our results indicate that besides antibiosis resistance studies, it is essential to evaluate the morphological variability of grass genotypes when screening for resistance to insects. Further studies are needed to elucidate the intraspecific variability of Paspalum notatum Flüggé genotypes for resistance to spittlebug attack.
筛选抗虫害特性是草坪草育种计划的早期阶段之一。牧场沫蝉是吸食汁液的昆虫，可能会对草坪草造成严重损害，包括功能品质丧失和多年生特性受损。巴西植物区系中有大量草坪草物种，它们形态变异广泛，能适应不同的土壤和气候条件，有可能用作草坪。然而，尚无研究针对草坪草基因型进行抗沫蝉攻击的筛选。在本研究中，我们评估了雀稗属、地毯草属和结缕草属的35个草坪草基因型的种内和种间变异，以确定其对牧场沫蝉Deois flavopicta (Stal) 和Notozulia entreriana (Berg)（半翅目：沫蝉科）的抗性，评估指标包括损害评分、若虫和成虫密度以及抗生性水平。使用聚类分析和主成分分析将基因型分为三组：第一组基因型的损害评分低且成年沫蝉密度高；第二组基因型的损害评分为中等，若虫和成虫密度低；第三组由损害评分高且若虫密度高的基因型组成。种内和种间基因型变异与抗生性以及基因型间的形态变异有关，一些表明是非偏好抗性，另一些表明是耐受性抗性。我们的结果表明，在筛选抗虫性时，除了抗生性研究外，评估草坪草基因型的形态变异也至关重要。需要进一步研究来阐明巴伊亚雀稗基因型对沫蝉攻击的种内变异情况。
