Vasconcelos S D, Salgado R L, Barbosa T M, Souza J R B
Insects of Forensic Importance Research Group, Department of Zoology, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 50.670-420, Recife - PE, Brazil (
J Med Entomol. 2016 Sep 1;53(5):1131-1139. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjw093.
The diversity of necrophagous Diptera is largely unknown in seasonally dry tropical forests, despite their medical, veterinary, and forensic relevance. We performed a study in the dry Caatinga forest exclusive to Brazil in order to assess the diversity and temporal pattern of Diptera species using pig carcasses as substrates. Adults were collected daily until complete skeletonization. We collected 17,142 adults from 18 families, 10 of which comprise species with known necrophagous habits. The most abundant families were Calliphoridae (47.3% of specimens), Sarcophagidae (20.8%), and Muscidae (15.5%), whereas Sarcophagidae stood out in terms of richness with 21 species. The native Cochliomyia macellaria (F.) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and the invasive Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedmann) (Calliphoridae) were the dominant species. A total of 18 species reached the carcass during the first 48 h postdeath. The bloated and active decay stages had the highest richness and abundance of dipterans. From a forensic standpoint, C. macellaria and C. albiceps are likely to aid in establishing postmortem interval due to their early arrival and high abundance on the carcass. Despite harsh environmental conditions, the Caatinga harbors a rich assemblage of dipterans that play a key role in carrion decomposition. Their medico-veterinary importance is strengthened by the poor local sanitary conditions.
尽管食尸性双翅目昆虫具有医学、兽医和法医方面的相关性，但在季节性干燥的热带森林中，其多样性在很大程度上仍不为人知。我们在巴西独有的干旱卡廷加森林中开展了一项研究，以猪尸体为基质评估双翅目物种的多样性和时间模式。每天收集成虫，直至尸体完全白骨化。我们共收集到来自18个科的17142只成虫，其中10个科包含已知具有食尸习性的物种。数量最多的科是丽蝇科（占标本的47.3%）、麻蝇科（20.8%）和蝇科（15.5%），而麻蝇科在物种丰富度方面表现突出，有21个物种。本地的蛆症金蝇（Cochliomyia macellaria (F.)）（双翅目：丽蝇科）和入侵的白纹伊蚊（Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedmann)）（丽蝇科）是优势物种。共有18个物种在死亡后的头48小时内到达尸体。肿胀和活跃腐烂阶段的双翅目昆虫丰富度和数量最高。从法医角度来看，蛆症金蝇和白纹伊蚊由于它们较早到达尸体且数量众多，可能有助于确定死后间隔时间。尽管环境条件恶劣，但卡廷加拥有丰富的双翅目昆虫群落，它们在腐肉分解中起着关键作用。当地卫生条件较差，这增强了它们在医学和兽医方面的重要性。
