Enteroviruses and Parechoviruses.

Infections with enteroviruses and human parechoviruses are highly prevalent, particularly in neonates, where they may cause substantial morbidity and mortality. Individuals with B-cell-related immunodeficiencies are at risk for severe enteroviral infections, usually a chronic and fatal meningoencephalitis. In transplant recipients and patients with malignancy, enterovirus infections typically involve the respiratory tract, but cases of severe, disseminated infection have been described. The mainstay of diagnosis for enterovirus and human parechovirus infections involves the use of molecular diagnostic techniques. However, routine nucleic acid-detection methods for enteroviruses will not detect human parechoviruses. Laboratory diagnosis of these viral infections is important in determining a patient's prognosis and guiding clinical management.