Lane Wendy, Sacco Paul, Downton Katherine, Ludeman Emilie, Levy Lauren, Tracy J Kathleen
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 660 West Redwood Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 520 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Maryland Center of Excellence on Problem Gambling, University of Maryland School of Medicine, United States.
School of Social Work, University of Maryland Baltimore, 525 West Redwood Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.
Child Abuse Negl. 2016 Aug;58:24-38. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.06.003. Epub 2016 Jun 20.
This study systematically reviews research on child maltreatment and risk of gambling problems in adulthood. It also reviews adult problem gamblers' risk of abusing or neglecting their own children. Multiple database searches were conducted using pre-defined search terms related to gambling and child abuse and neglect. We identified 601 unique references and excluded studies if they did not report original research, or did not specifically measure child maltreatment or gambling. Twelve studies that included multivariable analysis of childhood maltreatment exposure and problem gambling were identified. Six of seven studies examining childhood sexual abuse and four of five examining physical abuse showed a significant positive association between abuse and later gambling problems (odds ratios for sexual abuse 2.01-3.65; physical abuse 2.3-2.8). Both studies examining psychological maltreatment and two of three examining neglect identified positive associations with problem gambling. In most studies, risks were reduced or eliminated when controlling for other mental health disorders. The three studies measuring risk of child abuse and neglect among current problem gamblers suggest an increased risk for child physical abuse and medical conditions indicative of neglect although there is a considerable amount of variation among studies. Child abuse is associated with increased risk of gambling problems - gambling treatment providers should ask about maltreatment history as part of their clinical assessment. Problem gamblers may be more likely to physically abuse or neglect their children, but data here are more limited. Child welfare professionals should consider asking questions about parental gambling when assessing family risk.
本研究系统回顾了关于儿童期受虐待与成年期赌博问题风险的研究。同时也回顾了成年问题赌徒虐待或忽视自己孩子的风险。使用与赌博以及虐待和忽视儿童相关的预定义搜索词对多个数据库进行了检索。我们识别出601篇独特的参考文献，并排除了那些未报告原创研究、或未专门测量儿童期受虐待情况或赌博情况的研究。确定了12项对儿童期虐待暴露与问题赌博进行多变量分析的研究。在七项研究儿童期性虐待的研究中，有六项，以及五项研究身体虐待的研究中，有四项显示虐待与后来的赌博问题之间存在显著正相关（性虐待的优势比为2.01 - 3.65；身体虐待为2.3 - 2.8）。两项研究心理虐待的研究以及三项研究忽视的研究中有两项都确定了与问题赌博的正相关。在大多数研究中，在控制其他心理健康障碍后，风险降低或消除。三项测量当前问题赌徒中虐待和忽视儿童风险的研究表明，儿童身体虐待和表明忽视的医疗状况风险增加，尽管各研究之间存在相当大的差异。儿童期受虐待与赌博问题风险增加相关——赌博治疗提供者应在临床评估中询问虐待史。问题赌徒可能更有可能身体虐待或忽视自己的孩子，但此处的数据更为有限。儿童福利专业人员在评估家庭风险时应考虑询问有关父母赌博情况的问题。
