de Vries Daniel H, Steinmetz Stephanie, Tijdens Kea G
Department of Anthropology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Department of Sociology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Hum Resour Health. 2016 Jun 24;14(1):40. doi: 10.1186/s12960-016-0136-5.
This study used the global WageIndicator web survey to answer the following research questions: (RQ1) What are the migration patterns of health workers? (RQ2) What are the personal and occupational drivers of migration? (RQ3) Are foreign-born migrant health workers discriminated against in their destination countries?
Of the unweighted data collected in 2006-2014 from health workers aged 15-64 in paid employment, 7.9 % were on migrants (N = 44,394; 36 countries). To answer RQ1, binary logistic regression models were applied to the full sample. To answer RQ2, binary logistic regression was used to compare data on migrants with that on native respondents from the same source countries, a condition met by only four African countries (N = 890) and five Latin American countries (N = 6356). To answer RQ3, a multilevel analysis was applied to the full sample to take into account the nested structure of the data (N = 33,765 individual observations nested within 31 countries).
RQ1: 57 % migrated to a country where the same language is spoken, 33 % migrated to neighbouring countries and 21 % migrated to former colonizing countries. Women and nurses migrated to neighbouring countries, nurses and older and highly educated workers to former colonizing countries and highly educated health workers and medical doctors to countries that have a language match. RQ2: In the African countries, nurses more often out-migrated compared to other health workers; in the Latin American countries, this is the case for doctors. Out-migrated health workers earn more and work fewer hours than comparable workers in source countries, but only Latin American health workers reported a higher level of life satisfaction. RQ3: We did not detect discrimination against migrants with respect to wages and occupational status. However, there seems to be a small wage premium for the group of migrants in other healthcare occupations. Except doctors, migrant health workers reported a lower level of life satisfaction.
Migration generally seems to 'pay off' in terms of work and labour conditions, although accrued benefits are not equal for all cadres, regions and routes. Because the WageIndicator survey is a voluntary survey, these findings are exploratory rather than representative.
本研究利用全球工资指标网络调查来回答以下研究问题：（研究问题1）卫生工作者的迁移模式是怎样的？（研究问题2）迁移的个人和职业驱动因素是什么？（研究问题3）在目的国，出生在国外的移民卫生工作者是否受到歧视？
在2006 - 2014年收集的15 - 64岁有薪就业卫生工作者的未加权数据中，7.9%是移民（N = 44394；36个国家）。为回答研究问题1，对全样本应用二元逻辑回归模型。为回答研究问题2，使用二元逻辑回归将移民数据与来自相同来源国的本国受访者数据进行比较，只有四个非洲国家（N = 890）和五个拉丁美洲国家（N = 6356）满足此条件。为回答研究问题3，对全样本应用多层次分析以考虑数据的嵌套结构（N = 33765个个体观测值嵌套在31个国家中）。
研究问题1：57%的人迁移到说同一种语言的国家，33%迁移到邻国，21%迁移到前殖民国家。女性和护士迁移到邻国，护士、年龄较大且受过高等教育的工作者迁移到前殖民国家，受过高等教育的卫生工作者和医生迁移到语言匹配的国家。研究问题2：在非洲国家，与其他卫生工作者相比，护士更多地向外迁移；在拉丁美洲国家，医生是这种情况。向外迁移的卫生工作者比来源国的可比工作者收入更高且工作时间更短，但只有拉丁美洲的卫生工作者报告生活满意度更高。研究问题3：我们未发现移民在工资和职业地位方面受到歧视。然而，其他医疗保健职业的移民群体似乎有小幅工资溢价。除医生外，移民卫生工作者报告的生活满意度较低。
尽管所获利益并非对所有干部、地区和路线都相同，但从工作和劳动条件来看，迁移总体上似乎是“有回报的”。由于工资指标调查是一项自愿调查，这些发现是探索性的而非具有代表性。
