Schilgen Benjamin, Nienhaus Albert, Handtke Oriana, Schulz Holger, Mösko Mike
Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Competence Centre for Epidemiology and Health Service Research in Nursing, Institute for Health Service Research in Dermatology and Nursing, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
PLoS One. 2017 Jun 26;12(6):e0179183. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179183. eCollection 2017.
Globally, life expectancy together with multimorbidity and chronic diseases are increasing. This leads to a growing demand for care and hence for healthcare personnel and nurses. To meet this demand, healthcare workers from abroad are increasingly hired. The nurses' workplace in general is characterized by physically and psychologically demanding tasks, while that of migrant and minority nurses is additionally characterized by discriminatory practices. The present knowledge about the health of migrant and minority nurses and the terminology in this context are diverse. Thus, the purpose of this review is to systematically identify and synthesize international publications that explicitly focus on migrant nurses' health.
A systematic review of relevant studies was undertaken using the databases Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Web of Science. The screening process was conducted in several phases. This review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines while the methodological quality assessment of the included papers was performed with the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT).
Out of 11,599 citations initially obtained, 14 empirical studies were included in the final synthesis. The methodological quality of the empirical studies and reviews was diverse. The majority of the studies were conducted in the US and the nurses under study migrated from countries like the Philippines, India, Europe, and Africa. Among migrant nurses of different origins, there are differences in their physiological responses to stress. Migrant nurses and native nurses differ in reporting work-related injuries.
Migrant and minority nurses are at high risk of work-related injuries and discrimination than native or majority nurses. However, mixed results were obtained, namely that the reported health of migrant nurses either improves over time or it decreases. This review revealed that discrimination is the leading cause of impaired health amongst migrant and minority nurses.
在全球范围内，预期寿命以及多种疾病并存和慢性病的情况都在增加。这导致对护理的需求不断增长，从而对医护人员和护士的需求也不断增加。为了满足这一需求，越来越多地雇佣来自国外的医护人员。一般来说，护士的工作场所具有身体和心理要求较高的任务特点，而移民和少数族裔护士的工作场所还存在歧视性做法。目前关于移民和少数族裔护士健康状况的知识以及这方面的术语多种多样。因此，本综述的目的是系统地识别和综合明确关注移民护士健康的国际出版物。
使用Medline、PsycINFO、CINAHL和Web of Science数据库对相关研究进行系统综述。筛选过程分几个阶段进行。本综述按照系统评价和Meta分析优先报告条目（PRISMA）指南进行，而对纳入论文的方法学质量评估则使用混合方法评估工具（MMAT）。
在最初获得的11599条引用中，最终综合纳入了14项实证研究。实证研究和综述的方法学质量各不相同。大多数研究在美国进行，所研究的护士来自菲律宾、印度、欧洲和非洲等国家。在不同来源的移民护士中，他们对压力的生理反应存在差异。移民护士和本地护士在报告工作相关伤害方面存在差异。
移民和少数族裔护士比本地或多数族裔护士面临更高的工作相关伤害和歧视风险。然而，得到的结果不一，即报告的移民护士健康状况要么随时间改善，要么下降。本综述表明，歧视是移民和少数族裔护士健康受损的主要原因。
