School of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies, GIST-ICL International Collaboration R&D Centre, Heeger Center for Advanced Materials, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
Adv Mater. 2016 Sep;28(36):7821-7861. doi: 10.1002/adma.201601197. Epub 2016 Jun 27.
The past two decades of vigorous interdisciplinary approaches has seen tremendous breakthroughs in both scientific and technological developments of bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells (OSCs) based on nanocomposites of π-conjugated organic semiconductors. Because of their unique functionalities, the OSC field is expected to enable innovative photovoltaic applications that can be difficult to achieve using traditional inorganic solar cells: OSCs are printable, portable, wearable, disposable, biocompatible, and attachable to curved surfaces. The ultimate objective of this field is to develop cost-effective, stable, and high-performance photovoltaic modules fabricated on large-area flexible plastic substrates via high-volume/throughput roll-to-roll printing processing and thus achieve the practical implementation of OSCs. Recently, intensive research efforts into the development of organic materials, processing techniques, interface engineering, and device architectures have led to a remarkable improvement in power conversion efficiencies, exceeding 11%, which has finally brought OSCs close to commercialization. Current research interests are expanding from academic to industrial viewpoints to improve device stability and compatibility with large-scale printing processes, which must be addressed to realize viable applications. Here, both academic and industrial issues are reviewed by highlighting historically monumental research results and recent state-of-the-art progress in OSCs. Moreover, perspectives on five core technologies that affect the realization of the practical use of OSCs are presented, including device efficiency, device stability, flexible and transparent electrodes, module designs, and printing techniques.
在过去的二十年中，通过大力开展跨学科研究，基于π共轭有机半导体纳米复合材料的体异质结有机太阳能电池（OSC）在科学和技术发展方面取得了巨大突破。由于其独特的功能，OSC 领域有望实现创新的光伏应用，而这些应用使用传统的无机太阳能电池很难实现：OSC 可印刷、便携、可穿戴、一次性使用、生物兼容、可附着在曲面上。该领域的最终目标是通过大容量/高通量的卷对卷印刷工艺在大面积柔性塑料基板上制造具有成本效益、稳定和高性能的光伏模块，从而实现 OSC 的实际应用。最近，人们积极致力于开发有机材料、处理技术、界面工程和器件结构，这使得功率转换效率显著提高，超过 11%，这使得 OSC 最终接近商业化。目前的研究兴趣正在从学术观点扩展到工业观点，以提高器件稳定性和与大规模印刷工艺的兼容性，这是实现可行应用所必须解决的问题。在此，通过突出历史上重要的研究成果和 OSC 最近的最新进展，综述了学术和工业方面的问题。此外，还介绍了影响 OSC 实际应用的五项核心技术的观点，包括器件效率、器件稳定性、柔性透明电极、模块设计和印刷技术。
