Breckler S J, Wiggins E C
Department of Psychology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
Transfusion. 1989 Jun;29(5):401-4. doi: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1989.29589284138.x.
Attitudes toward blood donation are frequently assumed to vary along a single dimension from unfavorable to favorable. In contrast, theories of attitude structure specify three distinct attitude components: affect, cognition, and behavior. This article describes the development of three new scales for the measurement of affective, cognitive, and behavioral components of attitudes toward blood donation. The scales were developed using the method of equal-appearing intervals and were administered to both donors of blood and nondonors. Correlations among the scales were relatively small and supported the three-component distinction. Affect was more strongly correlated with the number of prior donations than was cognition, which suggested an important role for emotional factors in blood donation. Scores on all three scales showed the attitudes of blood donors to be more favorable than those of nondonors.
人们常常认为，对献血的态度是沿着从负面到正面的单一维度变化的。相比之下，态度结构理论明确了三个不同的态度成分：情感、认知和行为。本文描述了三种新量表的开发过程，这些量表用于测量对献血态度的情感、认知和行为成分。这些量表采用等距量表法编制，并施测于献血者和非献血者。各量表之间的相关性相对较小，支持了三成分的区分。情感与既往献血次数的相关性比认知更强，这表明情感因素在献血中起着重要作用。所有三个量表的得分都表明，献血者的态度比非献血者更积极。
