Lemmens K P H, Abraham C, Hoekstra T, Ruiter R A C, De Kort W L A M, Brug J, Schaalma H P
Department of Health Education and Promotion, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Transfusion. 2005 Jun;45(6):945-55. doi: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2005.04379.x.
In the past decade, the number of blood donors has steadily declined in the Netherlands, and young adults are underrepresented among registered donors. An understanding of the correlates of donation intentions among nondonors could facilitate targeting psychological prerequisites of donation decisions in recruitment campaigns. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS. A cross-sectional study with self-administered questionnaires based on an extension of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB; a social cognition model to study the determinants of volitional behavior) was conducted to assess potential cognitive determinants of willingness to donate blood in a student sample. A response rate of 50.5 percent yielded a sample of 311.
Just over 7 percent of participants were registered blood donors but most (61.7%) had never seriously considered becoming donors. Self-efficacy (confidence in performing the behavior), attitude (the overall evaluation of the behavior), and personal moral norm (the perceived personal responsibility to perform the behavior) regarding blood donation were the most important correlates of the intention to become a blood donor. In total, 43 percent of the variance in the intentions toward blood donation could be explained by a TPB-based model.
Among students, determinants of the intention to become a blood donor include self-efficacy, attitude, personal moral norm regarding blood donation, and subjective norm (perceived social support). Future research could establish whether campaigns targeting these psychological prerequisites would be more effective than current strategies.
在过去十年中，荷兰的献血者数量稳步下降，且年轻成年人在注册献血者中所占比例较低。了解非献血者的献血意愿相关因素有助于在招募活动中针对献血决策的心理前提进行精准定位。研究设计与方法：基于计划行为理论（TPB，一种用于研究意志行为决定因素的社会认知模型）的扩展，开展了一项采用自填式问卷的横断面研究，以评估学生样本中献血意愿的潜在认知决定因素。50.5%的回复率产生了一个包含311人的样本。
略多于7%的参与者是注册献血者，但大多数人（61.7%）从未认真考虑过成为献血者。关于献血的自我效能感（对执行该行为的信心）、态度（对该行为的总体评价）和个人道德规范（对执行该行为的个人责任感）是成为献血者意愿的最重要相关因素。基于TPB的模型总共可以解释43%的献血意愿差异。
在学生中，成为献血者意愿的决定因素包括自我效能感、态度、关于献血的个人道德规范和主观规范（感知到的社会支持）。未来的研究可以确定针对这些心理前提的活动是否会比当前策略更有效。
