MRC Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2016 Aug;17(8):511-21. doi: 10.1038/nrm.2016.75. Epub 2016 Jun 29.
Animal cells undergo dramatic changes in shape, mechanics and polarity as they progress through the different stages of cell division. These changes begin at mitotic entry, with cell-substrate adhesion remodelling, assembly of a cortical actomyosin network and osmotic swelling, which together enable cells to adopt a near spherical form even when growing in a crowded tissue environment. These shape changes, which probably aid spindle assembly and positioning, are then reversed at mitotic exit to restore the interphase cell morphology. Here, we discuss the dynamics, regulation and function of these processes, and how cell shape changes and sister chromatid segregation are coupled to ensure that the daughter cells generated through division receive their fair inheritance.
动物细胞在经历细胞分裂的不同阶段时，其形状、力学性质和极性会发生显著变化。这些变化始于有丝分裂进入期，伴随着细胞-基质黏附重塑、皮质肌动球蛋白网络的组装和渗透肿胀，这些共同作用使细胞即使在拥挤的组织环境中生长也能采用近球形的形态。这些形状变化可能有助于纺锤体的组装和定位，然后在有丝分裂末期被逆转，以恢复细胞间期的形态。在这里，我们讨论这些过程的动力学、调节和功能，以及细胞形状变化和姐妹染色单体分离是如何耦合的，以确保通过分裂产生的子细胞获得公平的遗传。
