Brents Lisa K
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Department of Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences.
Yale J Biol Med. 2016 Jun 27;89(2):175-91. eCollection 2016 Jun.
Marijuana use among women is highly prevalent, but the societal conversation on marijuana rarely focuses on how marijuana affects female reproduction and endocrinology. This article reviews the current scientific literature regarding marijuana use and hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis regulation, ovarian hormone production, the menstrual cycle, and fertility. Evidence suggests that marijuana can reduce female fertility by disrupting hypothalamic release of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), leading to reduced estrogen and progesterone production and anovulatory menstrual cycles. Tolerance to these effects has been shown in rhesus monkeys, but the effects of chronic marijuana use on human female reproduction are largely unknown. Marijuana-induced analgesia, drug reinforcement properties, tolerance, and dependence are influenced by ovarian hormones, with estrogen generally increasing and progesterone decreasing sensitivity to marijuana. Carefully controlled regulation of the Endocannabinoid System (ECS) is required for successful reproduction, and the exogenous cannabinoids in marijuana may disrupt the delicate balance of the ECS in the female reproductive system.
女性使用大麻的情况非常普遍，但社会上关于大麻的讨论很少关注大麻如何影响女性生殖和内分泌学。本文综述了关于大麻使用与下丘脑 - 垂体 - 卵巢（HPO）轴调节、卵巢激素产生、月经周期和生育能力的当前科学文献。有证据表明，大麻会通过干扰下丘脑促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）的释放来降低女性生育能力，导致雌激素和孕激素产生减少以及无排卵月经周期。恒河猴已显示出对这些影响的耐受性，但长期使用大麻对人类女性生殖的影响在很大程度上尚不清楚。大麻引起的镇痛、药物强化特性、耐受性和依赖性受卵巢激素影响，雌激素通常会增加而孕激素会降低对大麻的敏感性。成功繁殖需要对内源性大麻素系统（ECS）进行严格控制的调节，而大麻中的外源性大麻素可能会破坏女性生殖系统中ECS的微妙平衡。
