de Ruiter M C, Gittenberger-de Groot A C, Rammos S, Poelmann R E
Department of Anatomy and Embryology, University of Leiden, The Netherlands.
Anat Embryol (Berl). 1989;179(4):319-25. doi: 10.1007/BF00305058.
A renewed study of the development of the branchial arch system was essential in view of the special morphologic characteristics of the ductus arteriosus, which derives from the pulmonary arch artery or sixth branchial arch artery. In congenital heart disease certain aorto-pulmonary collateral arteries have a marked histological similarity to the ductus arteriosus. To gain a better insight into the development of these vessels, 27 rat embryos, with the number of somites ranging between 19 and 41, were studied. Most embryos were collected after shortterm in vitro-culture, allowing precise staging of age and development. The vascular system of these embryos was injected with Indian ink, to enable easy recognition of even the smallest endothelium-lined vessels. The embryos were serially sectioned (3-5 microns) and reconstructed using a graphic method. The results show that the pulmonary arch artery differs from the other arch arteries in that it is the most cranial vessel of a system of ventral splanchnic arteries, which connects the pulmonary plexus with the dorsal aortae at an early stage. With the exception of the pulmonary arch artery, these connections are transient. The pulmonary arteries develop from the remaining parts of the plexus. It is argued that these connections can persist in the human as aorto-pulmonary collaterals, in certain cases with abnormalities in the pulmonary part of the cardiac outflow tract.
鉴于动脉导管源自肺动脉弓动脉或第六鳃弓动脉的特殊形态学特征，对鳃弓系统发育进行重新研究至关重要。在先天性心脏病中，某些主肺动脉侧支动脉与动脉导管具有明显的组织学相似性。为了更好地了解这些血管的发育情况，研究了27个大鼠胚胎，其体节数在19至41之间。大多数胚胎是在短期体外培养后收集的，这样可以精确确定年龄和发育阶段。向这些胚胎的血管系统注射印度墨水，以便即使是最小的内皮衬里血管也能易于识别。将胚胎连续切片（3 - 5微米）并采用绘图方法进行重建。结果表明，肺动脉弓动脉与其他弓动脉不同，它是腹侧内脏动脉系统中最靠头端的血管，在早期将肺丛与背主动脉相连。除肺动脉弓动脉外，这些连接是暂时的。肺动脉由丛的其余部分发育而来。有人认为，在某些心脏流出道肺部部分存在异常的情况下，这些连接在人类中可作为主肺动脉侧支持续存在。
