DeRuiter M C, Gittenberger-de Groot A C, Poelmann R E, VanIperen L, Mentink M M
Department of Anatomy and Embryology, University of Leiden, The Netherlands.
Circulation. 1993 Apr;87(4):1306-19. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.87.4.1306.
The literature is ambiguous as to the question of the developmental background of systemic-pulmonary collateral arteries. These are found in combination with various congenital heart malformations such as pulmonary atresia. From a clinical point of view, it is of interest to know whether we are dealing with the persistence of transient embryological vessels such as ventral segmental arteries or parts of pharyngeal arch arteries or with the prenatal or postnatal recruitment of the bronchial vasculature that normally supplies the lung. This study of the embryology of the extrapulmonary and intrapulmonary vasculature aims at a better understanding of the variations in origin, course, branching pattern, and histology of collateral arteries.
Serial sections of quail embryos ranging between stage HH11 and stage HH28 were incubated with a monoclonal antibody (alpha MB1) against endothelial cells and their precursors. Additional series of chick embryos were injected with india ink to study the lumenized vascular patterns. A splanchnic plexus consisting of endothelial cells and precursors is present around the foregut before the lung buds develop. This plexus expands and gives rise to the pharyngeal arch arteries, the ventral pharyngeal veins, the pulmonary vessels, and the bronchial vessels, including the intrapulmonary vessel network. During two subsequent periods, the splanchnic plexus is transiently connected to the systemic arteries and veins. The bronchial arteries and veins develop in the second period from these transient vessels. The expansion and extension of the splanchnic plexus to many organs during the formation of the bronchial vessels explains the varying course and branching pattern of the bronchial vasculature.
These results show that we are not dealing with two or more individual vascular systems that contribute to the developing vessels of the lungs but with one vascular plexus that normally gives rise to the pulmonary and bronchial vasculature but has the potential to give rise to other systemic-pulmonary connections.
关于体肺侧支动脉的发育背景问题，文献说法不一。这些动脉常与各种先天性心脏畸形如肺动脉闭锁同时出现。从临床角度来看，了解我们面对的是诸如腹侧节段动脉或咽弓动脉部分等短暂胚胎血管的持续存在，还是正常供应肺部的支气管血管系统在产前或产后的新生血管，很有意义。这项关于肺外和肺内血管系统胚胎学的研究旨在更好地理解侧支动脉的起源、走行、分支模式和组织学变异。
用抗内皮细胞及其前体的单克隆抗体（αMB1）孵育HH11期至HH28期鹌鹑胚胎的连续切片。另外对一系列鸡胚胎注射印度墨水以研究有腔血管模式。在肺芽发育之前，前肠周围存在由内皮细胞及其前体组成的内脏丛。该丛扩展并产生咽弓动脉、咽前静脉、肺血管和支气管血管，包括肺内血管网络。在随后的两个时期，内脏丛与体动脉和体静脉短暂相连。支气管动脉和静脉在第二个时期从这些短暂血管发育而来。支气管血管形成过程中内脏丛向许多器官的扩展和延伸解释了支气管血管系统走行和分支模式的变化。
这些结果表明，我们面对的不是两个或更多个对肺发育血管有贡献的独立血管系统，而是一个通常产生肺血管和支气管血管但有产生其他体肺连接可能性的血管丛。
