David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2016 Dec 15;107:367-392. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.06.012. Epub 2016 Jun 26.
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA), so far, is the most extensively researched and utilized biodegradable aliphatic polyester in human history. Due to its merits, PLA is a leading biomaterial for numerous applications in medicine as well as in industry replacing conventional petrochemical-based polymers. The main purpose of this review is to elaborate the mechanical and physical properties that affect its stability, processability, degradation, PLA-other polymers immiscibility, aging and recyclability, and therefore its potential suitability to fulfill specific application requirements. This review also summarizes variations in these properties during PLA processing (i.e. thermal degradation and recyclability), biodegradation, packaging and sterilization, and aging (i.e. weathering and hygrothermal). In addition, we discuss up-to-date strategies for PLA properties improvements including components and plasticizer blending, nucleation agent addition, and PLA modifications and nanoformulations. Incorporating better understanding of the role of these properties with available improvement strategies is the key for successful utilization of PLA and its copolymers/composites/blends to maximize their fit with worldwide application needs.
聚乳酸（PLA）是迄今为止人类历史上研究和应用最广泛的可生物降解脂肪族聚酯。由于其优点，PLA 是众多医学和工业应用中替代传统石油基聚合物的领先生物材料。本文的主要目的是详细阐述影响其稳定性、加工性、降解性、PLA 与其他聚合物的不混溶性、老化和可回收性以及因此对满足特定应用要求的潜在适用性的力学和物理性能。本文还总结了 PLA 加工过程中（即热降解和可回收性）、生物降解、包装和灭菌以及老化（即风化和湿热）过程中这些性能的变化。此外，我们讨论了 PLA 性能改进的最新策略，包括成分和增塑剂共混、成核剂添加、PLA 改性和纳米制剂。更好地理解这些性能的作用，并结合现有的改进策略，是成功利用 PLA 及其共聚物/复合材料/共混物以最大限度地满足全球应用需求的关键。
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