Słota Dagmara, Niziołek Karina, Kosińska Edyta, Sadlik Julia, Sobczak-Kupiec Agnieszka
Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, CUT Doctoral School, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Av., 31-864 Kraków, Poland.
Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Av., 31-864 Kraków, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2025 Aug 8;18(16):3723. doi: 10.3390/ma18163723.
The development of materials engineering allows for the creation of new materials intended for 3D printing, which has become a key tool in tissue engineering, particularly in bone tissue engineering, enabling the production of implants, defect fillers, and scaffolds tailored to the individual needs of patients. Among the wide range of available biomaterials, thermoplastic polymers such as polycaprolactone (PCL), polylactic acid (PLA), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) are of significant interest due to their biocompatibility, processability, and variable degradation profiles. This review compiles the latest reports on the applications, advantages, limitations, and modifications in bone tissue engineering. It highlights that PCL and PLA are promising for temporary, resorbable scaffolds, while PEEK and PMMA are suitable for permanent or load-bearing implants. The inclusion of ceramic phases is frequently used to enhance bioactivity. A growing trend can be observed toward developing customized, multifunctional materials that support bone regeneration and biological integration. Despite ongoing progress, the biocompatibility and long-term safety of these materials still require further clinical validation.
材料工程的发展使得用于3D打印的新材料得以问世，3D打印已成为组织工程中的关键工具，尤其是在骨组织工程中，能够生产出根据患者个体需求定制的植入物、缺损填充材料和支架。在众多可用的生物材料中，聚己内酯（PCL）、聚乳酸（PLA）、聚醚醚酮（PEEK）和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）等热塑性聚合物因其生物相容性、可加工性和不同的降解特性而备受关注。本综述汇编了有关骨组织工程应用、优势、局限性及改性的最新报告。它强调PCL和PLA有望用于临时的、可吸收的支架，而PEEK和PMMA适用于永久性或承重植入物。加入陶瓷相常用于增强生物活性。朝着开发支持骨再生和生物整合的定制化、多功能材料的趋势日益明显。尽管取得了持续进展，但这些材料的生物相容性和长期安全性仍需进一步的临床验证。
