Kučera Matej, Hrabovská Anna
Ceska Slov Farm. 2016 Spring;65(2):52-63.
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) represent a small family of enzymes called cholinesterases. These enzymes are in the organisms either soluble or anchored through anchoring proteins collagen Q (ColQ) and proline-rich membrane anchor (PRiMA). Knowledge of molecular biology and genetics of cholinesterase and their anchoring proteins resulted in the preparation of mutant mice with the absence of different molecular forms of cholinesterases. So far a number of mutant mice were prepared with a genetic modification on the genes encoding cholinesterases or anchoring proteins. The mice with mutation in the genes encoding the cholinesterases are: the mice with the absence of AChE, mice with the absence of BChE, mice with a deletion of exon 5 and 6 in the AChE gene and mice with the absence of AChE in muscles. The mice with a mutation in the genes encoding anchoring proteins include the mice with the absence of AChE and BChE anchored by ColQ and mice with the absence of AChE and BChE anchored by PRiMA. The study of adaptation changes results from the absence of cholinesterases led to the enrichment of existing knowledge about cholinesterases and the cholinergic nervous system.
absence of cholinesterases mutant mice acetylcholinesterase butyrylcholinesterase.
乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）和丁酰胆碱酯酶（BChE）代表了一个名为胆碱酯酶的小酶家族。这些酶在生物体中要么是可溶的，要么通过锚定蛋白胶原蛋白Q（ColQ）和富含脯氨酸的膜锚定蛋白（PRiMA）进行锚定。对胆碱酯酶及其锚定蛋白的分子生物学和遗传学的了解促成了缺乏不同分子形式胆碱酯酶的突变小鼠的制备。到目前为止，已经制备了许多对编码胆碱酯酶或锚定蛋白的基因进行基因改造的突变小鼠。编码胆碱酯酶的基因突变的小鼠有：缺乏AChE的小鼠、缺乏BChE的小鼠、AChE基因外显子5和6缺失的小鼠以及肌肉中缺乏AChE的小鼠。编码锚定蛋白的基因突变的小鼠包括缺乏由ColQ锚定的AChE和BChE的小鼠以及缺乏由PRiMA锚定的AChE和BChE的小鼠。对因缺乏胆碱酯酶而导致的适应性变化的研究丰富了关于胆碱酯酶和胆碱能神经系统的现有知识。
胆碱酯酶缺失；突变小鼠；乙酰胆碱酯酶；丁酰胆碱酯酶
