Anderson School of Management
Anderson School of Management Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles.
Psychol Sci. 2016 Aug;27(8):1136-45. doi: 10.1177/0956797616651973. Epub 2016 Jun 29.
Several models of judgment propose that people struggle with absolute judgments and instead represent options on the basis of their relative standing. This leads to a conundrum when people make judgments from memory: They may encode an option's ordinal rank relative to the surrounding options but later observe a different distribution of options. Do people update their representations when making judgments from memory, or do they maintain their representations based on the initial encoding? In three studies, we found that people making memory-based judgments rely on a stimulus's relative standing in the distribution at the time of encoding rather than attending to absolute quality or updating the stimulus's ordinal ranking in light of the distribution at the time of the later judgment.
几种判断模型表明，人们在进行绝对判断时会遇到困难，而更倾向于根据相对位置来表示选项。这就给人们在进行记忆判断时带来了一个难题：他们可能会根据周围选项的相对等级来编码一个选项的顺序等级，但后来会观察到不同的选项分布。人们在进行记忆判断时会更新他们的表示，还是根据最初的编码来保持他们的表示？在三项研究中，我们发现，进行基于记忆的判断的人依赖于刺激在编码时的分布中的相对位置，而不是关注绝对质量，也不会根据后来判断时的分布来更新刺激的顺序等级。
