Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
Regional Wines, Wellington, New Zealand.
PLoS One. 2018 Aug 20;13(8):e0202732. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202732. eCollection 2018.
When people in laboratory studies sample products in a sequence, they tend to prefer options presented first and last. To what extent do these primacy and recency effects carry over to real-world settings where numerous sources of information determine preferences? To investigate this question, we coded archival data from 136 actual whisky tastings each featuring seven whiskies. We analyzed people's ratings of whiskies featured at different serial positions in the tastings. We found a recency effect: people gave their highest rating to whiskies in the last position, and voted the last whisky as their favorite more frequently. This recency effect persisted when we controlled for the counter explanation that whiskies with higher alcohol content tended to occupy later serial positions. The recency effect also persisted when we controlled for the age of the whiskies. Taken together, our findings suggest that the order of presentation matters in real-world settings, closely resembling what happens in laboratory settings with longer sequences of options.
当实验室中的人们按顺序对产品进行抽样时,他们往往更喜欢先呈现的和最后呈现的选项。在现实世界中,众多信息来源决定了偏好,这些首因效应和近因效应在多大程度上会延续下去?为了研究这个问题,我们对 136 次实际威士忌品尝的档案数据进行了编码,每次品尝都有 7 种威士忌。我们分析了人们对品尝中不同顺序位置上的威士忌的评价。我们发现了近因效应:人们给最后一个位置上的威士忌的评价最高,并且更频繁地投票选择最后一个威士忌作为他们的最爱。当我们控制了更高酒精含量的威士忌往往占据更靠后顺序位置的反解释时,这种近因效应仍然存在。当我们控制了威士忌的年龄时,这种近因效应也仍然存在。总的来说,我们的研究结果表明,在现实世界的环境中,呈现顺序很重要,这与在实验室环境中呈现更长的选项序列非常相似。