Boss Renate, Overesch Gudrun, Baumgartner Andreas
Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office, Schwarzenburgstrasse 155, 3003 Berne, Switzerland.
Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Berne, Länggassstrasse 122, 3001 Berne, Switzerland.
J Food Prot. 2016 Jul;79(7):1240-6. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-15-463.
A total of 44 samples of salmon, pangasius (shark catfish), shrimps, and oysters were tested for the presence of Escherichia coli, enterococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus, which are indicator organisms commonly used in programs to monitor antibiotic resistance. The isolated bacterial strains, confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy, were tested against a panel of 29 antimicrobial agents to obtain MICs. Across the four sample types, Enterococcus faecalis (59%) was most common, followed by E. coli (55%), P. aeruginosa (27%), and S. aureus (9%). All bacterial species were resistant to some antibiotics. The highest rates of resistance were in E. faecalis to tetracycline (16%), in E. coli to ciprofloxacin (22%), and in S. aureus to penicillin (56%). Antibiotic resistance was found among all sample types, but salmon and oysters were less burdened than were shrimps and pangasius. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains were exclusively found in shrimps and pangasius: 17% of pangasius samples (MDR E. coli and S. aureus) and 64% of shrimps (MDR E. coli, E. faecalis, and S. aureus). Two of these MDR E. coli isolates from shrimps (one from an organic sample) were resistant to seven antimicrobial agents. Based on these findings, E. coli in pangasius, shrimps, and oysters, E. faecalis in pangasius, shrimps, and salmon, and P. aeruginosa in pangasius and shrimps are potential candidates for programs monitoring antimicrobial resistance. Enrichment methods for the detection of MDR bacteria of special public health concern, such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus and E. coli producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases and carbapenemases, should be implemented.
总共对44份三文鱼、巴沙鱼（淡水鲨鱼）、虾和牡蛎样本进行了检测，以确定其中是否存在大肠杆菌、肠球菌、铜绿假单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌，这些都是监测抗生素耐药性项目中常用的指示生物。通过基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱法确认的分离菌株，针对一组29种抗菌药物进行测试以获得最低抑菌浓度（MIC）。在这四种样本类型中，粪肠球菌（59%）最为常见，其次是大肠杆菌（55%）、铜绿假单胞菌（27%）和金黄色葡萄球菌（9%）。所有细菌种类都对某些抗生素具有耐药性。耐药率最高的是粪肠球菌对四环素（16%）、大肠杆菌对环丙沙星（22%）以及金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素（56%）。在所有样本类型中均发现了抗生素耐药性，但三文鱼和牡蛎的耐药负担低于虾和巴沙鱼。多重耐药（MDR）菌株仅在虾和巴沙鱼中发现：巴沙鱼样本的17%（MDR大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌）以及虾样本的64%（MDR大肠杆菌、粪肠球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌）。这些来自虾的MDR大肠杆菌分离株中有两株（一株来自有机样本）对七种抗菌药物具有耐药性。基于这些发现，巴沙鱼、虾和牡蛎中的大肠杆菌、巴沙鱼、虾和三文鱼中的粪肠球菌以及巴沙鱼和虾中的铜绿假单胞菌是监测抗菌药物耐药性项目的潜在候选对象。应实施用于检测具有特殊公共卫生意义的MDR细菌的富集方法，例如耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌以及产超广谱β-内酰胺酶和碳青霉烯酶的大肠杆菌。
