1 Laboratory for Clinical Research in Neuroinfections (Lapclin-Neuro), The Evandro Chagas National Institute Of Infectious Diseases (INI), FIOCRUZ, Avenida Brasil 4365, CEP 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil 2 The Deolindo Couto Institute of Neurology (INDC), The Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Avenida Venceslau Bras 95, CEP 21941-901, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil
1 Laboratory for Clinical Research in Neuroinfections (Lapclin-Neuro), The Evandro Chagas National Institute Of Infectious Diseases (INI), FIOCRUZ, Avenida Brasil 4365, CEP 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil.
Brain. 2016 Aug;139(Pt 8):2122-30. doi: 10.1093/brain/aww158. Epub 2016 Jun 29.
Zika virus, an arbovirus transmitted by mosquitoes of the Aedes species, is now rapidly disseminating throughout the Americas and the ongoing Brazilian outbreak is the largest Zika virus epidemic so far described. In addition to being associated with a non-specific acute febrile illness, a number of neurological manifestations, mainly microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome, have been associated with infection. These with other rarer neurological conditions suggest that Zika virus, similar to other flaviviruses, is neuropathogenic. The surge of Zika virus-related microcephaly cases in Brazil has received much attention and the role of the virus in this and in other neurological manifestations is growing. Zika virus has been shown to be transmitted perinatally and the virus can be detected in amniotic fluid, placenta and foetus brain tissue. A significant increase in Guillain-Barré syndrome incidence has also been reported during this, as well as in previous outbreaks. More recently, meningoencephalitis and myelitis have also been reported following Zika virus infection. In summary, while preliminary studies have suggested a clear relationship between Zika virus infection and certain neurological conditions, only longitudinal studies in this epidemic, as well as experimental studies either in animal models or in vitro, will help to better understand the role of the virus and the pathogenesis of these disorders.
Zika 病毒是一种由伊蚊属蚊虫传播的虫媒病毒，目前正在迅速传播至整个美洲，而巴西正在暴发的疫情是迄今为止规模最大的 Zika 病毒流行疫情。除与非特异性急性发热性疾病有关外，还与感染相关的一些神经表现，主要是小头畸形和格林-巴利综合征有关。这些与其他更罕见的神经疾病表明，Zika 病毒与其他黄病毒一样具有神经致病性。巴西 Zika 病毒相关小头畸形病例的激增引起了广泛关注，病毒在其中以及其他神经表现中的作用正在不断增强。已证实 Zika 病毒可经围产期传播，病毒可在羊水、胎盘和胎儿脑组织中检出。在此期间以及之前的疫情中，格林-巴利综合征的发病率也显著增加。最近，还报告了 Zika 病毒感染后出现脑膜脑炎和脊髓炎。总之，虽然初步研究表明 Zika 病毒感染与某些神经疾病之间存在明确关系，但只有在此次疫情中的纵向研究，以及动物模型或体外的实验研究，才能帮助更好地理解病毒的作用以及这些疾病的发病机制。
