Kurozumi Akira, Goto Yusuke, Okato Atsushi, Ichikawa Tomohiko, Seki Naohiko
Department of Functional Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
J Hum Genet. 2017 Jan;62(1):49-56. doi: 10.1038/jhg.2016.84. Epub 2016 Jun 30.
Bladder cancer (BC) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are frequently diagnosed urinary tract cancers. Recently developed molecular-targeted therapies for RCC have shown remarkable therapeutic efficacy; however, no targeted therapeutics are currently approved for the treatment of BC, and few effective treatment options exist. Current studies have shown that small noncoding RNA molecules have major roles in cancer cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small noncoding RNA molecules that regulate protein-/nonprotein-coding RNAs in human cells. A large body of evidence suggests that aberrantly expressed miRNAs are deeply involved in the pathogenesis of human cancers. In this paper, we review recently published miRNA expression signatures of BC and RCC. We focus on downregulated or upregulated miRNAs in multiple signatures and discuss putative target genes of miRNAs. Comparisons of RCC and BC expression signatures revealed that the two types of cancer showed opposite expression patterns for miR-200 family miRNAs (i.e., miR-141/200c and miR-200a/200b/429). We discuss in silico analysis of genes targeted by miR-200 family miRNAs and the molecular mechanisms underlying BC and RCC.
膀胱癌（BC）和肾细胞癌（RCC）是常见的泌尿系统癌症。最近开发的针对RCC的分子靶向疗法已显示出显著的治疗效果；然而，目前尚无获批用于治疗BC的靶向疗法，有效的治疗选择也很少。目前的研究表明，小型非编码RNA分子在癌细胞中发挥着重要作用。微小RNA（miRNA）是内源性小型非编码RNA分子，可调节人类细胞中的蛋白质/非蛋白质编码RNA。大量证据表明，异常表达的miRNA与人类癌症的发病机制密切相关。在本文中，我们综述了最近发表的BC和RCC的miRNA表达特征。我们重点关注多个特征中下调或上调的miRNA，并讨论miRNA的推定靶基因。RCC和BC表达特征的比较显示，这两种癌症在miR-200家族miRNA（即miR-141/200c和miR-200a/200b/429）上呈现相反的表达模式。我们讨论了对miR-200家族miRNA靶向基因的计算机分析以及BC和RCC的分子机制。
