Matsumoto Chieko, Shinohara Naoya, Sobata Rieko, Uchida Shigeharu, Satake Masahiro, Tadokoro Kenji
Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society.
Jpn J Infect Dis. 2017 Mar 24;70(2):136-142. doi: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2015.504. Epub 2016 Jun 30.
In Japan, the number of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infections remains relatively low; nevertheless, the annual incidence of HIV-1 infection has not decreased. New infections remain a great concern, and an improved understanding of epidemiological trends is critical for public health. The env C2V3 and pol sequences of HIV-1 RNA from 240 early (1996-2001) and 223 more recent (2010-2012) blood donations were used to compare the distribution of virus subtypes and to generate phylogenetic trees. Subtype B was clearly predominant in both early and more recent donations (both were 88.3%), and CRF01_AE was the second most common subtype. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a peculiar epidemiological transition. Compared to early subtype B isolates from 2 major endemic areas (Tokyo and Osaka), the more recent subtype B isolates formed fewer tight clusters in phylogenetic trees (from 8 to 2 clusters in Tokyo and 5 to zero clusters in Osaka). Furthermore, mixing of HIV-1 infections between these 2 endemic areas appear to increase. Analysis of phylogenetic trees suggested that local outbreaks have become smaller in Japan; however, intermixing of viral types between these 2 areas was more evident in the more recent samples.
在日本，人类免疫缺陷病毒1型（HIV-1）感染的数量仍然相对较低；然而，HIV-1感染的年发病率并未下降。新感染病例仍然是一个重大问题，更好地了解流行病学趋势对公共卫生至关重要。利用240份早期（1996 - 2001年）和223份近期（2010 - 2012年）献血样本中的HIV-1 RNA的env C2V3和pol序列，比较病毒亚型的分布并构建系统发育树。B亚型在早期和近期的献血样本中均明显占主导地位（两者均为88.3%），CRF01_AE是第二常见的亚型。系统发育分析揭示了一种特殊的流行病学转变。与来自2个主要流行地区（东京和大阪）的早期B亚型分离株相比，近期的B亚型分离株在系统发育树中形成的紧密聚类较少（东京从8个聚类减少到2个，大阪从5个聚类减少到零个）。此外，这两个流行地区之间的HIV-1感染混合似乎有所增加。系统发育树分析表明，日本局部疫情规模变小；然而，这两个地区之间病毒类型的混合在近期样本中更为明显。
