Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543; email:
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; email:
Ann Rev Mar Sci. 2017 Jan 3;9:173-203. doi: 10.1146/annurev-marine-010816-060733. Epub 2016 Jun 30.
The events that followed the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011, included the loss of power and overheating at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plants, which led to extensive releases of radioactive gases, volatiles, and liquids, particularly to the coastal ocean. The fate of these radionuclides depends in large part on their oceanic geochemistry, physical processes, and biological uptake. Whereas radioactivity on land can be resampled and its distribution mapped, releases to the marine environment are harder to characterize owing to variability in ocean currents and the general challenges of sampling at sea. Five years later, it is appropriate to review what happened in terms of the sources, transport, and fate of these radionuclides in the ocean. In addition to the oceanic behavior of these contaminants, this review considers the potential health effects and societal impacts.
2011 年 3 月 11 日发生的东北地震和海啸事件包括福岛第一核电站的停电和过热，这导致了放射性气体、挥发物和液体的大量释放，特别是向沿海海域。这些放射性核素的命运在很大程度上取决于它们的海洋地球化学、物理过程和生物摄取。虽然陆地放射性可以重新采样并绘制其分布地图，但由于洋流的变化和海上采样的普遍挑战，向海洋环境的释放更难进行特征描述。五年后，适当地对这些放射性核素在海洋中的来源、输运和归宿进行回顾是恰当的。除了这些污染物的海洋行为，本综述还考虑了潜在的健康影响和社会影响。
