Kujawska Monika
a University of Lodz, Institute of Ethnology and Cultural Anthropology , Pomorska 149/153, Lodz , 90-236 Poland.
Anthropol Med. 2016 Aug;23(2):205-19. doi: 10.1080/13648470.2016.1180580. Epub 2016 Jun 30.
The paper addresses forms of medical pluralism, studied from the microsocial perspective, among the Polish community in Misiones, Argentina. It shows different attitudes to health treatment within the field of home medicine, local non-biomedical specialists and biomedicine. It points out the relationship between the diversity of offers of medical assistance and community members' negotiations between various medical approaches. It also identifies the factors influencing these choices. While prior research examines Indigenous and Mestizo medical ethnobotany in this region, there has not been research on medical pluralism and very little study of complementary and alternative medicine among the inhabitants of Misiones. The study group comprises Polish peasants who settled in northern Misiones between 1936 and 1938 and their descendants born in Argentina. Field research was based on semi-structured, in-depth and free-listing interviews. The analysis was carried out using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The results show that Polish settlers tried to reconstruct bits and pieces of their familiar and traditional healing practices in the new environment. Phytotherapy plays the most important role among home therapies. It is at home that most treatments start. Members of the Polish community also treat folk illnesses at home and report them to local healers. The growing influence of biomedicine does not contribute to the elimination of home medicine or non-biomedical specialists in the study area. There has been a medicalization of childbirth and fractures, but folk experts such as curanderos, hueseros and naturistas are still very popular in the region.
本文从微观社会视角研究了阿根廷米西奥内斯省波兰社区中的医学多元主义形式。它展示了在家庭医学、当地非生物医学专家和生物医学领域内对健康治疗的不同态度。它指出了医疗援助提供的多样性与社区成员在各种医学方法之间的协商之间的关系。它还确定了影响这些选择的因素。虽然先前的研究考察了该地区的原住民和梅斯蒂索人的医学民族植物学，但尚未有关于医学多元主义的研究，对米西奥内斯省居民的补充和替代医学的研究也很少。研究群体包括1936年至1938年间定居在米西奥内斯省北部的波兰农民及其在阿根廷出生的后代。实地研究基于半结构化、深入和自由列举访谈。分析采用了定性和定量方法。结果表明，波兰定居者试图在新环境中重建他们熟悉的传统治疗方法的点点滴滴。植物疗法在家庭疗法中起着最重要的作用。大多数治疗都是从家里开始的。波兰社区的成员也在家中治疗民间疾病，并向当地治疗师报告。生物医学影响力的不断增强并没有导致研究区域内家庭医学或非生物医学专家的消失。分娩和骨折已经医学化，但curanderos（治疗师）、hueseros（接骨师）和naturistas（自然疗法师）等民间专家在该地区仍然非常受欢迎。
