Kujawska Monika, Hilgert Norma I, Keller Héctor A, Gil Guillermo
Institute of Ethnology and Cultural Anthropology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
Instituto de Biología Subtropical, Universidad Nacional de Misiones-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico, Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina.
PLoS One. 2017 Jan 11;12(1):e0169373. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169373. eCollection 2017.
Numerous studies highlight the importance of phytotherapy for indigenous and non-indigenous people in different parts of the world. In this work we analyze the richness (number of species), diversity (plant identity and the number of illnesses for which it is used) and similarity of plant species and illnesses treated with them, in order to contribute new data and insight into the importance of plant medicines to the local medical systems of people living in Misiones province, in the subtropics of Argentina. Three sympatric groups were compared: Guarani Indians, Criollos (mestizos) and Polish migrants. Quantitative scrutiny was focused on both primary and secondary sources. The similarity and diversity of medicinal plants and uses between groups was calculated by applying the Sørensen quantitative coefficient and the Shannon-Wiener index, respectively. In order to identify the characteristic plant species used by each group, the Cultural Importance and Prevalence Value (CIPV) was calculated based on the species Indicator Value (IndVal), which combines a species relative abundance with its relative frequency of occurrence in the various groups, and modified according to the type of the analyzed data. The important finding is a great variation in the number of species used by the study groups. Altogether, 509 botanical species were registered: Guarani (397), Criollos (243) and Polish migrants (137). For all groups, the use of native medicinal plants prevailed. The Guarani appear to be the local experts in use of medicinal plants. There is the significant difference in the number of treated illnesses by each taxon among three groups. Criollos and Polish migrants exhibit the greatest similarity in illnesses treated with medicinal plants. These groups share a corpus of knowledge related to illness nosology, and have a symptomatic approach to illness treatment. The Guarani have an etiological approach to illness diagnosis and healing, which may be viewed as a barrier to the exchange of knowledge about home medicine with other ethnic groups of Misiones.
众多研究凸显了植物疗法对世界各地原住民和非原住民的重要性。在这项研究中，我们分析了植物种类的丰富度（物种数量）、多样性（植物种类及其所治疗疾病的数量）以及所使用植物种类与所治疗疾病之间的相似性，以便为阿根廷亚热带地区米西奥内斯省当地居民的植物药物对当地医疗系统的重要性提供新的数据和见解。我们比较了三个同域群体：瓜拉尼印第安人、克里奥洛人（混血儿）和波兰移民。定量研究集中于一手和二手资料。通过分别应用索伦森定量系数和香农 - 维纳指数来计算各群体之间药用植物及其用途的相似性和多样性。为了确定每个群体所使用的特色植物种类，基于物种指示值（IndVal）计算文化重要性和流行价值（CIPV），该指示值将物种相对丰度与其在不同群体中的相对出现频率相结合，并根据所分析数据的类型进行了修改。重要发现是各研究群体所使用的植物种类数量存在很大差异。总共记录了509种植物：瓜拉尼人使用397种，克里奥洛人使用243种，波兰移民使用137种。对于所有群体而言，本土药用植物的使用占主导。瓜拉尼人似乎是使用药用植物的当地专家。三个群体中每个分类单元所治疗疾病的数量存在显著差异。克里奥洛人和波兰移民在使用药用植物治疗的疾病方面表现出最大的相似性。这些群体共享与疾病分类学相关的知识体系，并且在疾病治疗上采用对症治疗方法。瓜拉尼人在疾病诊断和治疗上采用病因学方法，这可能被视为与米西奥内斯省其他族群交流本土医学知识的障碍。
