Malausa Thibaut, Delaunay Mathilde, Fleisch Alexandre, Groussier-Bout Géraldine, Warot Sylvie, Crochard Didier, Guerrieri Emilio, Delvare Gérard, Pellizzari Giuseppina, Kaydan M Bora, Al-Khateeb Nadia, Germain Jean-François, Brancaccio Lisa, Le Goff Isabelle, Bessac Melissa, Ris Nicolas, Kreiter Philippe
INRA, Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900, Sophia Antipolis, France.
Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Napoli, Italy.
PLoS One. 2016 Jun 30;11(6):e0157965. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157965. eCollection 2016.
Pseudococcus comstocki (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a mealybug species native to Eastern Asia and present as an invasive pest in northern Italy and southern France since the start of the century. It infests apple and pear trees, grapevines and some ornamental trees. Biocontrol programmes against this pest proved successful in central Asia and North America in the second half of the 20th century. In this study, we investigated possible biocontrol agents against P. comstocki, with the aim of developing a biocontrol programme in France. We carried out systematic DNA-barcoding at each step in the search for a specialist parasitoid. First we characterised the French target populations of P. comstocki. We then identified the parasitoids attacking P. comstocki in France. Finally, we searched for foreign mealybug populations identified a priori as P. comstocki and surveyed their hymenopteran parasitoids. Three mealybug species (P. comstocki, P. viburni and P. cryptus) were identified during the survey, together with at least 16 different parasitoid taxa. We selected candidate biological control agent populations for use against P. comstocki in France, from the species Allotropa burrelli (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) and Acerophagus malinus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). The coupling of molecular and morphological characterisation for both pests and natural enemies facilitated the programme development and the rejection of unsuitable or generalist parasitoids.
康氏粉蚧（半翅目：粉蚧科）是一种原产于东亚的粉蚧物种，自本世纪初以来在意大利北部和法国南部作为入侵害虫出现。它侵害苹果树、梨树、葡萄藤和一些观赏树木。20世纪下半叶，在中亚和北美针对这种害虫的生物防治计划取得了成功。在本研究中，我们调查了针对康氏粉蚧的可能生物防治剂，目的是在法国制定一项生物防治计划。在寻找一种专性寄生蜂的每一步中，我们都进行了系统的DNA条形码分析。首先，我们对法国的康氏粉蚧目标种群进行了特征描述。然后，我们鉴定了在法国攻击康氏粉蚧的寄生蜂。最后，我们寻找事先被确定为康氏粉蚧的外来粉蚧种群，并调查了它们的膜翅目寄生蜂。调查期间鉴定出了三种粉蚧物种（康氏粉蚧、 viburni粉蚧和cryptus粉蚧），以及至少16种不同的寄生蜂类群。我们从Allotropa burrelli（膜翅目：扁腹小蜂科）和Acerophagus malinus（膜翅目：恩蚜小蜂科）这两个物种中选择了候选生物防治剂种群，用于在法国防治康氏粉蚧。对害虫和天敌进行分子和形态特征的结合，有助于该计划的制定，并排除不合适的或广食性的寄生蜂。
