Vieira Diva Aliete Dos Santos, Castro Michelle Alessandra, Fisberg Mauro, Fisberg Regina Mara
Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Departamento de Nutrição, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Hospital Infantil Sabará, Instituto PENSI, Centro de Dificuldades Alimentares, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
J Pediatr (Rio J). 2017 Jan-Feb;93(1):47-57. doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2016.03.008. Epub 2016 Jun 28.
To describe the dietary patterns of children inside and outside school and investigate their associations with sociodemographic factors and nutritional status.
This was a multicenter cross-sectional study in which children of both sexes, aged 1-6 years, attending private and public daycare centers and preschools in Brazil, were evaluated (n=2979). Demographic, socioeconomic and dietary data (weighed food records and estimated food records) were collected. Dietary patterns were derived by factor analysis from 36 food groups.
Four dietary patterns were identified inside school, and three outside. Inside school, the "traditional" pattern was associated to low income and presented high nutritional quality. The "dual" pattern was associated with low income and with high intake of added sugar and glycemic load. The "snack" pattern was associated with children enrolled at private schools and with high intake of added sugar and glycemic load. The "bread and butter" pattern was associated with high intake of added sugar and trans fat. Outside school, the "traditional" pattern was associated with high intake of saturated fat, trans fats, sodium, and total fiber. The "bread and butter" pattern was associated with high intake of trans fats and glycemic load, whereas the "snack" pattern was associated with overweight, private schools, high income, and high intake of trans fats, sodium, and total fiber.
There are differences in the nutritional quality of dietary patterns inside and outside school, and heterogeneity in adherence to these patterns were observed across regions and socioeconomic classes.
描述在校内外儿童的饮食模式，并调查其与社会人口学因素及营养状况的关联。
这是一项多中心横断面研究，对巴西私立和公立日托中心及学前班中1至6岁的儿童进行了评估（n = 2979）。收集了人口统计学、社会经济和饮食数据（称重食物记录和估计食物记录）。通过对36个食物组进行因子分析得出饮食模式。
在校内确定了四种饮食模式，校外确定了三种。在校内，“传统”模式与低收入相关，且营养质量较高。“双重”模式与低收入以及添加糖和血糖负荷的高摄入量相关。“零食”模式与就读私立学校的儿童以及添加糖和血糖负荷的高摄入量相关。“面包加黄油”模式与添加糖和反式脂肪的高摄入量相关。在校外，“传统”模式与饱和脂肪、反式脂肪、钠和总纤维的高摄入量相关。“面包加黄油”模式与反式脂肪和血糖负荷的高摄入量相关，而“零食”模式与超重、私立学校、高收入以及反式脂肪、钠和总纤维的高摄入量相关。
在校内外饮食模式的营养质量存在差异，并且在不同地区和社会经济阶层中观察到对这些模式的依从性存在异质性。
