Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CCS/UFSC, Campus Trindade, Florianopolis 88040-900, Brazil.
Postgraduate Program in Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasilia-DF 70910-900, Brazil.
Nutrients. 2018 Mar 30;10(4):436. doi: 10.3390/nu10040436.
The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the associations among education, income and dietary pattern (DP) in children and adolescents from high, medium and low human development countries (HHDC, MHDC and LHDC, respectively). Observational studies that evaluated the association between family income or education with the DP are obtained through electronic database searches. Forty articles are selected for review. In HHDC, education is inversely associated with "unhealthy" DP and positively associated with "healthy" DP. In cross-sectional studies from HHDC, higher income is negatively associated with "unhealthy" DP. In MHDC, there is no association between the socioeconomic variables (SE) and the DPs, although, in some studies, the unhealthy diet is positively associated with SE. Only one study conducted in LHDC showed an inverse association between income/education with "unhealthy" DP and there is no association between the SE and "healthy" DP. In conclusion, children and adolescents living in HHDC with high parental education tend to have a healthier diet. In MHDC, although an unhealthy diet is found among the high-income and educated population, the associations are not clear. Additional research is needed to clarify the associations between income and education with "unhealthy" and "healthy" DPs in MHDC and LHDC.
本系统评价的目的是评估高、中、低人类发展水平国家（高人类发展水平国家、中人类发展水平国家和低人类发展水平国家，分别）儿童和青少年的教育、收入和饮食模式（DP）之间的关联。通过电子数据库检索获得评估家庭收入或教育与 DP 之间关联的观察性研究。选择 40 篇文章进行综述。在高人类发展水平国家，教育与“不健康”DP 呈负相关，与“健康”DP 呈正相关。在高人类发展水平国家的横断面研究中，较高的收入与“不健康”DP 呈负相关。在中人类发展水平国家，社会经济变量（SE）与 DP 之间没有关联，但在一些研究中，不健康的饮食与 SE 呈正相关。只有一项在低人类发展水平国家进行的研究表明，收入/教育与“不健康”DP 呈负相关，而 SE 与“健康”DP 之间没有关联。总之，在高父母教育的高人类发展水平国家，儿童和青少年往往有更健康的饮食。在中人类发展水平国家，尽管高收入和受教育程度较高的人群中存在不健康的饮食，但关联并不明确。需要进一步的研究来阐明中人类发展水平国家和低人类发展水平国家收入和教育与“不健康”和“健康”DP 之间的关联。
