Flanagan Katie L, Plebanski Magdalena
a Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Pathology , Monash University , Prahran , Australia.
b Monash Institute of Medical Engineering , Monash University , Prahran , Australia.
Expert Rev Vaccines. 2017 Jan;16(1):5-13. doi: 10.1080/14760584.2016.1203260. Epub 2016 Jun 30.
Vaccines have heterologous effects on the immune system, leading to altered susceptibility to a range of pathogens, and possibly allergy and autoimmunity. Effects are often sex-differential. This review discusses the evidence, mechanisms and public health implications of the non-specific effects of vaccines (NSEs). Areas covered: This article firstly discusses the World Health Organization systematic review of the evidence for sex-differential heterologous effects of vaccines, and further PubMed indexed studies on NSEs on susceptibility to infectious diseases, allergy, autoimmunity and malignancy in animals and humans. Potential immunological mechanisms are evaluated, including sex-differential effects. Finally it describes how advances in systems biology might be applied to study such effects. Expert commentary: This section points out the need to understand immune mechanisms in order to exploit beneficial vaccine effects, and diminish deleterious ones. It suggests analysis of vaccine effects by sex is important, and discusses the future for personalised vaccines that take these effects into account.
疫苗对免疫系统具有异源效应，导致对一系列病原体的易感性发生改变，并可能引发过敏和自身免疫。这些效应通常存在性别差异。本综述讨论了疫苗非特异性效应（NSEs）的证据、机制及对公共卫生的影响。涵盖领域：本文首先讨论了世界卫生组织对疫苗性别差异异源效应证据的系统评价，以及进一步关于NSEs对动物和人类传染病易感性、过敏、自身免疫和恶性肿瘤影响的PubMed索引研究。评估了潜在的免疫机制，包括性别差异效应。最后描述了系统生物学的进展如何应用于研究此类效应。专家评论：本节指出需要了解免疫机制，以利用疫苗的有益效果并减少有害影响。建议按性别分析疫苗效应很重要，并讨论了考虑这些效应的个性化疫苗的未来。
