Jolly Pawan, Estrela Pedro, Ladomery Michael
Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, U.K.
Essays Biochem. 2016 Jun 30;60(1):27-35. doi: 10.1042/EBC20150004.
There are an increasing number of applications that have been developed for oligonucleotide-based biosensing systems in genetics and biomedicine. Oligonucleotide-based biosensors are those where the probe to capture the analyte is a strand of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA) or a synthetic analogue of naturally occurring nucleic acids. This review will shed light on various types of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA (particularly microRNAs), their role and their application in biosensing. It will also cover DNA/RNA aptamers, which can be used as bioreceptors for a wide range of targets such as proteins, small molecules, bacteria and even cells. It will also highlight how the invention of synthetic oligonucleotides such as peptide nucleic acid (PNA) or locked nucleic acid (LNA) has pushed the limits of molecular biology and biosensor development to new perspectives. These technologies are very promising albeit still in need of development in order to bridge the gap between the laboratory-based status and the reality of biomedical applications.
在遗传学和生物医学领域，基于寡核苷酸的生物传感系统所开发的应用程序越来越多。基于寡核苷酸的生物传感器是指用于捕获分析物的探针为脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）链、核糖核酸（RNA）链或天然存在核酸的合成类似物的传感器。本综述将阐明各种类型的核酸，如DNA和RNA（特别是微小RNA），它们的作用以及在生物传感中的应用。它还将涵盖DNA/RNA适配体，其可用作多种靶标的生物受体，如蛋白质、小分子、细菌甚至细胞。它还将强调诸如肽核酸（PNA）或锁核酸（LNA）等合成寡核苷酸的发明如何将分子生物学和生物传感器开发的极限推向新的高度。尽管这些技术仍需要进一步发展以弥合基于实验室的现状与生物医学应用实际之间的差距，但它们非常有前景。
